About 1,1,1-Trichloromethane Water Filter
Water is essential to our daily lives, and the quality of the water we consume is crucial to our overall health and well-being. Unfortunately, many water sources contain harmful contaminants that can have adverse effects on our health. One such chemical compound is 1,1,1-trichloromethane.
Due to its potential health risks, it is important to take chemical safety seriously and take measures to remove chlorinated compounds from our drinking water. One effective method for removing 1,1,1-trichloromethane from water is through the use of a 1,1,1-trichloromethane water filter.
Whether you are concerned about the quality of your tap water or need a portable filtration system for outdoor adventures, a 1,1,1-trichloromethane water filter can help you stay healthy and hydrated.
What is Trichloromethane Commonly Known As?
Trichloromethane is commonly known as chloroform. This chemical has a long and fascinating history in the field of organic chemistry, beginning with its discovery in 1831 by the American physician Samuel Guthrie.
Initially, chloroform was used as a solvent for organic compounds, but its applications soon expanded to include anesthesia and other medical uses. In the 20th century, carbon tetrachloride and other chlorinated solvents replaced chloroform in many applications due to concerns over its toxicity and potential health risks.
Despite its decline in use, chloroform remains an important compound in organic chemistry and is still produced today for a variety of industrial applications. The chloroform molecule is slightly soluble in water but highly soluble in organic substances, making it a useful solvent for a wide range of compounds.
What is the Chemical Formula of 1,1,1-Trichloromethane?
1,1,1-Trichloromethane is a chemical compound with the molecular formula CH3CCl3. It is commonly known as chloroform, methane trichloride, or simply trichloromethane. Chloroform began to be used in the mid-19th century as an anesthetic due to its sweet smell, and it was initially known as “ordinary chloroform.”
The chemical formula of 1,1,1-trichloromethane reveals that it contains one carbon atom, three chlorine atoms, and one hydrogen atom. This compound is produced by the reaction of methane with sodium hypochlorite solution or by the chlorination of methanol.
Chloroform is produced by the reaction of methane with sodium hypochlorite solution. It can also be synthesized by the chlorination of methanol, producing a compound known as methyl trichloride. However, chloroform inhalation can be dangerous, as it can cause dizziness, nausea, and even unconsciousness.
What is Trichloromethane Used For?
Originally discovered in 1831, it was initially used as a solvent for organic compounds. However, chloroform quickly became known for its anesthetic properties and was widely used as a general anesthetic in the mid-19th century.
Today, trichloromethane is used in a wide range of industrial applications. It is a highly effective solvent and is used in the production of resins, adhesives, and other chemicals. It is also used as a refrigerant and as a cleaning agent.
In the pharmaceutical industry, trichloromethane is used in the production of various drugs and medications. It is also used as an intermediate in the production of other chemicals, including pesticides, dyes, and rubber.
While the use of chloroform as an anesthetic has declined in recent years due to concerns over its toxicity and potential health risks, it remains an important compound in many industrial applications.
Why Was Trichloromethane Discontinued?
One of the primary concerns associated with trichloromethane is its potential for toxicity. Prolonged exposure to high concentrations of the chemical can lead to liver and kidney damage, as well as damage to the central nervous system.
Additionally, studies have suggested that long-term exposure to trichloromethane may increase the risk of developing certain types of cancer, including liver and kidney cancer.
Another major issue associated with trichloromethane is its potential to cause environmental harm. The chemical is highly volatile and can easily evaporate into the air, where it can contribute to the formation of ground-level ozone and other air pollutants.
In addition, trichloromethane is not easily broken down by natural processes and can persist in the environment for many years, potentially contaminating groundwater and other sources of drinking water.
Given these health and environmental concerns, the use of trichloromethane as an anesthetic was gradually phased out over the course of the 20th century. Today, other, safer anesthetics are used in its place.
Despite its discontinued use as an anesthetic, trichloromethane remains an important chemical in many industrial applications. It is used as a solvent in the production of resins, adhesives, and other chemicals.
It is also used as a refrigerant and as a cleaning agent. However, steps have been taken to minimize the potential health and environmental risks associated with its use.
How Does Trichloromethane Get into Drinking Water Sources?
One major concern associated with trichloromethane is its potential to contaminate drinking water sources. So how exactly does trichloromethane get into drinking water sources?
One way trichloromethane can contaminate drinking water is through industrial discharge. Industrial facilities that use trichloromethane in their manufacturing processes can accidentally or intentionally release it into nearby bodies of water, such as rivers and lakes. Trichloromethane can then seep into groundwater sources, which can eventually find its way into drinking water sources.
Another way trichloromethane can enter drinking water is through agricultural runoff. Pesticides and fertilizers containing trichloromethane are often used on crops, and when it rains, the chemicals can be carried off into nearby bodies of water. Trichloromethane can then contaminate groundwater sources and, ultimately, drinking water sources.
Trichloromethane can also be found in household cleaning products, such as disinfectants and bleach. When these products are used and disposed of improperly, they can end up in waterways and groundwater sources.
In addition, trichloromethane can also be formed in drinking water treatment facilities. When chlorine is used to disinfect water, it can react with organic matter present in the water and form trichloromethane. While this process is meant to kill harmful bacteria and viruses in drinking water, the formation of trichloromethane can pose a risk to human health.
Can Trichloromethane be Found Commonly in Water?
Trichloromethane can indeed be found in water, particularly in groundwater sources. According to the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), trichloromethane has been detected in public water systems across the United States.
In fact, the EPA has established a maximum contaminant level (MCL) of 0.07 milligrams per liter (mg/L) for trichloromethane in drinking water. This means that the concentration of trichloromethane in drinking water should not exceed 0.07 mg/L to ensure the safety of human health.
It is worth noting that trichloromethane contamination in drinking water sources can vary depending on the location and the source of the water. For instance, trichloromethane is more likely to be found in water sources located near industrial facilities that use or produce this chemical. In addition, trichloromethane levels can be higher in well water than in surface water sources.
It is important to be aware of the potential sources of trichloromethane contamination in drinking water and to take steps to minimize exposure to this potentially harmful chemical. Regular testing and monitoring of water sources can help to ensure the safety of drinking water.
What is the Best Reduction Media for Removing Trichloromethane from Drinking Water?
One of the most effective ways to remove trichloromethane from drinking water is through the use of reduction media in water filtration systems. But what is the best reduction media for this purpose?
Activated Carbon
One of the most popular reduction media for removing trichloromethane from drinking water is activated carbon. Activated carbon works by adsorbing organic chemical contaminants, including trichloromethane, onto its surface. It is widely used in water filtration systems and is effective in removing a variety of contaminants.
Granular Activated Carbon (GAC)
Another effective reduction media for removing trichloromethane is granular activated carbon (GAC). GAC is similar to activated carbon but has a larger particle size, which allows for better contact time between the water and the carbon. This results in more effective removal of contaminants, including trichloromethane.
Aqua Ox Whole House Water Filters
In addition to activated carbon and GAC, Aqua Ox Whole House Water filters use a proprietary blend of reduction media that includes activated alumina, catalytic carbon, and KDF-55. This combination of reduction media provides a highly effective solution for removing trichloromethane and other contaminants from drinking water.
Activated alumina is an excellent adsorbent for fluoride and arsenic, while catalytic carbon is effective in removing chlorine and VOCs. KDF-55, on the other hand, is a powerful oxidizing agent that can remove heavy metals, bacteria, and fungi from water.
Aqua Ox Whole House Water filters also feature a unique upflow design that ensures maximum contact time between the water and the reduction media, resulting in highly effective removal of contaminants.
Moreover, these filters require minimal maintenance and can last up to 10 years, making them a cost-effective and convenient solution for removing trichloromethane and other contaminants from drinking water.
In conclusion, while there are various reduction media available for removing trichloromethane from drinking water, Aqua Ox Whole House Water filters offer the best features and overall effectiveness.
With its proprietary blend of reduction media and unique upflow design, Aqua Ox Whole House Water filters provide a highly effective and convenient solution for ensuring safe and clean drinking water.
From The Agency of Toxic Substances and Disease Registry
What is 1,1,1-trichloroethane?
1,1,1-Trichloroethane is a synthetic chemical that does not occur naturally in the environment. It also is known as methylchloroform, methyltrichloromethane, trichloromethylmethane, and �-trichloromethane. Its registered trade names are chloroethene NU� and Aerothene TT�.
It is a colorless liquid with a sweet, sharp odor. 1,1,1-Trichloroethane dissolves slightly in water. The liquid evaporates quickly and becomes a vapor. Most people begin to smell 1,1,1-trichloroethane in the air when its levels reach 120�500 parts per million (ppm). If the chemical makes up 8�10.5% (80,000� 105,000 ppm) of the air, it can burn easily when it contacts a spark or flame.
A poisonous gas known as phosgene can be produced during welding if 1,1,1-trichloroethane is used to clean the metal. 1,1,1-Trichloroethane also can be found in soil and water, particularly at hazardous waste sites. Because of its tendency to evaporate easily, the vapor form is most commonly found in the environment.
1,1,1-Trichloroethane had many industrial and household uses. It was often used as a solvent to dissolve other substances, such as glues and paints. In industry, it was widely used to remove oil or grease from manufactured parts.
In the home, it used to be an ingredient of products such as spot cleaners, glues, and aerosol sprays. No 1,1,1-trichloroethane is supposed to be manufactured for domestic use in the United States after January 1, 2002, because it affects the ozone layer.
However, until 2005, limited amounts were still allowed to be produced for essential purposes, and until 2012, production of 1,1,1-trichloroethane is allowed for export. About 300 million pounds were produced in 2000, but less is being made today. Most of the 1,1,1-trichloroethane that is manufactured today is exported.
Resources:
Summary of Trichloroethane:
For more information, contact:Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease RegistryDivision of Toxicology and Human Health Sciences1600 Clifton Road NE, Mailstop F-57Atlanta, GA 30333Phone: 1-800-CDC-INFO · 888-232-6348 (TTY)
ATSDR can also tell you the location of occupational and environmental health clinics. These clinics specialize in recognizing, evaluating, and treating illnesses resulting from exposure to hazardous substances.
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About 1,1,2- Trichloroethane
1,1,2-Trichloroethane is a colorless organochloride solvent used primarily as a mixture in the production of vinylidene chloride. Unlike with other chemicals, the colorless liquid has a pleasant odor. It boils at a higher temperature than water and does not burn easily. The chemical intermediate is not available for household use to prevent accidents and injuries.
What are the Industrial Uses of 112 Trichloroethane
The substance is used as a solvent for chlorinated rubbers, resins, oils, waxes, and other products. 1,1,2-Trichloroethane is also used as a process solvent by pharmaceutical companies in the United States of America.
How Does 112 Trichloroethane Get Into You Drinking Water
The substance evaporates into the atmosphere when it is used to manufacture the plastic products. 1,1,2-Trichloroethane as a solvent is also released in wastewater. In solid form, the finished products leach into the landfill which will eventually find its way into a water source.
What are the Health Risks Associated with 112 Trichloroethane
According to research, continuous ingestion of the chemical in your drinking water may cause negative effects to your physical health. 112 Trichloroethane-contaminated water may cause a stinging and burning sensation to your skin and eyes. The inhalation and ingestion of the substance may result in damages to the liver, kidney, and central nervous system.
The Solution to 112 Trichloroethane-Contaminated Drinking Water
In case you’ve monitored the presence of 1,1,2-Trichloroethane in your drinking water, the best thing to do is to alert your water supplier regarding the contamination issue. The next course of action is to set up a line of defense to protect your family and pets from the toxicity of the chemical.
Install a water filter system capable of removing the contaminant. AquaOx’s water treatment solution is renowned for its effectiveness in eliminating impurities such as the chemical 1,1,2-Trichloroethane in your feed water. With its multi-stage filtration system, you can protect your family from any potentially harmful substances in your drinking water.
From The Agency of Toxic Substances and Disease Registry
CAS ID #: 79-00-5
Affected Organ Systems: Hepatic (Liver), Neurological (Nervous System)
Cancer Classification: None
Please contact NTP, IARC, or EPA’s IRIS Hotline with questions on cancer and cancer classification.
Chemical Classification: Volatile organic compounds
Summary: 1,1,2-Trichloroethane is a colorless, sweet-smelling liquid. It does not burn easily, can be dissolved in water, and evaporates easily. It is used as a solvent (a chemical that dissolves other substances) and as an intermediate in the production of the chemical, 1,1-dichloroethane. 1,1,2-Trichloroethane is sometimes present as an impurity in other chemicals, and it may be formed when another chemical breaks down in the environment under conditions where there is no air.
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Other Contaminates We Remove.
Got 1,1-Dichloroethene In Your Water? We Remove That.
Clean drinking water is essential for our health and wellbeing, yet it’s not always a guarantee. One of the contaminants that can pose a serious threat to our water supply is 1,1-Dichloroethene (also known as 1,1-DCE).
Unfortunately, 1,1-DCE is also a known carcinogen and can cause serious health problems if ingested over long periods of time.
About 1,1-Dichloroethene
1,1-dichloroethene is a chemical compound that belongs to the family of halogenated alkenes. It is a colorless, flammable liquid hat is commonly used as a solvent for cleaning and degreasing.
Despite its usefulness in various industrial processes, 1,1-DCE is also classified as a hazardous substance and a known carcinogen.
What is 1 1 Dichloroethylene Used For?
1,1-Dichloroethylene is a chemical compound that is commonly used in various industrial applications. It is a colorless liquid with a sweet odor that is highly flammable and can easily evaporate into the air. 1,1-DCE is a type of halogenated alkene, which means that it contains chlorine atoms in its molecular structure.
One of the primary uses of 1,1-DCE is as a solvent for cleaning and degreasing in industrial settings. It is often used in the manufacturing of electronic components, metalworking, and textile industries. The chemical’s ability to dissolve greases and oils makes it an effective cleaner for machine parts and other equipment.
Another common use of 1,1-DCE is as a feedstock for the production of other chemicals. It can be used as a starting material in the manufacturing of vinylidene chloride, a chemical compound that is used to make polyvinylidene chloride (PVDC) resins.
1,1-DCE is also used as an intermediate in the production of other chemicals, such as perchloroethylene (PERC) and trichloroethylene (TCE). These chemicals are used in the dry cleaning and textile industries, as well as in the production of refrigerants, solvents, and other industrial products.
In addition to its industrial uses, 1,1-DCE can also be found in some consumer products. For example, it is sometimes used as a solvent in adhesives and sealants, and it can also be found in certain cleaning products.
How Does 1 1 Dichloroethylene Get In My Drinking Water?
1,1-Dichloroethylene can enter your drinking water supply in a variety of ways. The most common source of contamination is industrial activity, particularly in areas where 1,1-DCE is used as a solvent or feedstock for chemical production.
If these industries are not properly regulated or do not follow appropriate disposal practices, 1,1-DCE can enter the groundwater and soil.
Another source of 1,1-DCE contamination is from spills or leaks during transportation. If a container holding 1,1-DCE ruptures or leaks during transportation, the chemical can seep into the surrounding soil and groundwater, potentially contaminating drinking water sources.
In some cases, 1,1-DCE can also be present in the environment due to natural processes. For example, certain types of bacteria can break down other chemicals into 1,1-DCE, which can then enter the groundwater and soil.
Once 1,1-DCE enters the groundwater, it can spread quickly and contaminate nearby water sources, including wells and municipal water systems. Because it is a volatile chemical, it can also evaporate into the air and potentially contaminate nearby bodies of water through precipitation.
What Are The Health Effects of 1 1 Dichloroethylene?
There is limited but suggestive evidence of the potential health effects of 1,1-Dichloroethylene exposure in humans. The US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) has classified 1,1-DCE as a possible human carcinogen, based on studies conducted on laboratory animals.
Studies have shown exposure via oral route to high concentrations of 1,1-DCE can cause kidney tumors in male mice. However, there is not sufficient evidence to assess human carcinogenic potential of 1,1-DCE.
Additionally, exposure to 1,1-DCE through the inhalation route has been linked to birth defects and other adverse reproductive outcomes in laboratory animals. However, more research is needed to fully understand the effects of 1,1-DCE exposure on human health.
Human exposure to 1,1-DCE is primarily through contaminated water sources, hazardous waste sites, and inhalation exposure in occupational settings. The general population can also be exposed to 1,1-DCE through the ingestion of contaminated food and packaging materials.
Ingestion of 1,1-DCE-contaminated water has been linked to increased cancer risk in humans, particularly for liver and kidney cancers. Additionally, exposure to 1,1-DCE through inhalation has been linked to neurological effects, including headaches and dizziness.
To protect against potential health effects of 1,1-DCE exposure, it is important to be aware of potential sources of contamination in your area and take steps to avoid exposure. This includes avoiding drinking water from contaminated sources and properly disposing of hazardous waste.
Overall, the molecular formula for 1,1-DCE (C2H2Cl2) may seem simple, but the potential health effects of exposure to this chemical can be significant.
Is 1,1 Dichloroethylene Regulated by the EPA?
Yes, 1,1-Dichloroethylene (1,1-DCE) is regulated by the EPA. The agency has classified 1,1-DCE as a possible human carcinogen based on suggestive evidence from studies. The EPA has set a maximum contaminant level (MCL) for 1,1-DCE in drinking water of 7 parts per billion (ppb).
Additionally, the EPA regulates 1,1-DCE in surface water under the Clean Water Act. The agency has also established regulations for industrial discharge of 1,1-DCE and requires proper disposal of hazardous waste containing 1,1-DCE to prevent oral exposure and metabolic activation.
Overall, the EPA plays a critical role in protecting public health from the potential hazards of 1,1-DCE.
How Can I Remove Dichloroethylene From My Drinking Water?
Granular activated carbon is a highly effective filtration method that works by adsorbing contaminants onto the surface of the carbon particles. This process effectively removes a wide range of contaminants, including 1,1-DCE.
Aqua Ox Whole House Water Filters are specifically designed to remove a variety of contaminants from your water, including 1,1-DCE, ensuring that your family has access to safe and clean drinking water.
With their advanced filtration technology, Aqua Ox Whole House Water Filters are an excellent choice for homeowners looking to improve the quality of their drinking water.
From The Agency of Toxic Substances and Disease Registry
CAS ID #: 75-35-4
Affected Organ Systems: Cardiovascular (Heart and Blood Vessels), Developmental (effects during periods when organs are developing), Hepatic (Liver), Neurological (Nervous System), Renal (Urinary System or Kidneys), Reproductive (Producing Children)
Cancer Classification: None
Please contact NTP, IARC, or EPA’s IRIS Hotline with questions on cancer and cancer classification.
Chemical Classification: Volatile organic compounds (VOC)
Summary: 1, 1-Dichloroethylene is an industrial chemical that is not found naturally in the environment. It is a colorless liquid with a mild, sweet smell. It is also called vinylidene chloride. 1, 1-Dichloroethene is used to make certain plastics, such as flexible films like food wrap, and in packaging materials. It is also used to make flame retardant coatings for fiber and carpet backings, and in piping, coating for steel pipes, and in adhesive applications.
Downloadable Resources
ADDENDUM TO THE TOXICOLOGICAL PROFILE FOR 1,1-DICHLOROETHENE (DOWNLOAD PDF)
EPA.GOV TOXICOLOGY REVIEW (DOWNLOAD PDF)
INTEGRATED RISK INFORMATION SYSTEM (IRIS) CHEMICAL ASSESSMENT SUMMARY (DOWNLOAD PDF)
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Other Contaminates We Remove.
About 1,2,4-Trichlorobenzene
From The Agency of Toxic Substances and Disease Registry
CAS ID #: 12002-48-1
Affected Organ Systems: 1,2,4-Trichlorobenzene- renal (kidney) and hepatic (liver)
Cancer Classification: EPA: Not evaluated. IARC: 1,2,4-Trichlorobenzene-not classifiable as to human carcinogenicity. NTP: Not evaluated
Please contact NTP, IARC, or EPA’s IRIS Hotline with questions on cancer and cancer classification.
Chemical Classification: None
Summary: Trichlorobenzenes are human-made compounds that occur in three different chemical forms. Although they have the same molecular weight and molecular formula, they differ structurally by where the chlorine atoms are attached to the benzene ring. Compounds like these are referred to as isomers. 1,2,3-Trichlorobenzene and 1,3,5-trichlorobenzene are colorless solids, while 1,2,4-trichlorobenzene is a colorless liquid. Although the three isomers of trichlorobenzenes have the same molecular weight and formula, they each may have different chemical and toxicological properties. Trichlorobenzenes have primarily been used as solvents and chemical intermediates to produce other compounds. In the past, mixed isomers of trichlorobenzene had been used for termite control, but this is not a current use. One of the isomers (1,2,4-trichlorobenzene) is produced in large quantities and is used as a solvent to dissolve such special materials as oils, waxes, resins, greases, and rubber. It is also frequently used to produce dyes and textiles. The other two isomers, 1,2,3-trichlorobenzene and 1,3,5-trichlorobenzene, are produced in lower quantities and have fewer uses.
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Other Contaminates We Remove.
About 1,2-Dibromo
From The Agency of Toxic Substances and Disease Registry
1,2-Dibromo-3-chloropropane is a colorless liquid with a sharp smell. It can be smelled in air at 2 parts chemical in 1 million parts of air. It evaporates about as fast as water does, which is not very quickly. 1,2-Dibromo-3-chloropropane will dissolve in water to a very limited extent. It can be tasted in water when 0.01 mg chemical is present in 1 liter of water. It is a man-made chemical not found naturally in the environment. We do not know exactly how much of it is currently made or used by industry, but it is probably a small amount. Some industries use 1,2-dibromo-3-chloropropane to make a chemical that is used to make materials resistant to burning. Large amounts of 1,2-dibromo- 3-chloropropane were used in the past on certain farms to kill pests that were harmful to the crops. Farmers in Hawaii stopped using this chemical in 1985; use in other states stopped in 1979.
1,2-Dibromo-3-chloropropane breaks down slowly in the air. Most of the 1,2-dibromo-3-chloropropane that is released to the air disappears within several months. Most of this chemical that enters surface water evaporates into the air within several days or a week. It does not stick to the soil at the bottom of rivers, lakes, or ponds. We do not expect fish or other seafood from water containing 1,2-dibromo-3- chloropropane to build up large amounts of this chemical in their bodies. Some of what is spilled on or applied to soil moves through the soil into the groundwater, where it may remain for a long time. Some of the 1,2-dibromo-3-chloropropane in soil evaporates from the surface of the soil into the air. Small amounts may stay in the soil for several years. This chemical also breaks down slowly to simpler chemicals in water and soil.
Resources
For more information, contact:
Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry
Division of Toxicology and Human Health Sciences
1600 Clifton Road NE, Mailstop F-57
Atlanta, GA 30333
Phone: 1-800-CDC-INFO · 888-232-6348 (TTY)
Need a whole house water filter that will remove this? Checkout our whole house water filters.
Other Contaminates We Remove.
About 1,2-Dichloroethylene
1,2-Dichloroethylene is a colorless, highly flammable, and odorless liquid used as a solvent for resins and waxes. There are two kinds of 1,2-Dichloroethylene; one is known as cis, and the other form is called trans.
What are the Major Uses for 1,2-Dichloroethylene
1,2-Dichloroethlyne is mainly used as an intermediate in the combination of chlorinated solvents and compounds. The liquid substance is used in the extraction of rubber, oils, fats from fish and meat, as well as a refrigerant. 1,2-Dichloroethlyne is also used in the making of other organics.
How Does It Get Into Your Drinking Water
As an intermediate in the fusion of chlorinated solvents and compounds, 1,2-Dichloroethylene will evaporate into the air. Leaked amounts of the organic chemical can contaminate groundwater or get into your water supply. The substance can travel through soil or water either through wastewater or evaporation. If your family is using a private well for its drinking water, it is crucial to conduct regular water testing to monitor potential contaminants in your water supply.
The Health Risks of Drinking 1,2-Dichloroethylene-Contaminated Water
In smaller amounts, drinking contaminated tap water may make you feel tired, nauseous, and drowsy. A burning sensation in the eyes will also be experienced when the individual is exposed to low doses of the chemical. However, drinking or breathing contaminated water can kill you. Lower doses of the chemical substance in your drinking water can affect the blood and liver of the individual. Continuous exposure or ingestion of contaminated water may affect the central nervous system.
How to Get Rid of the Contaminant
Water filters were made to filter pollutants in the feed water to improve the quality of your drinking water. AquaOx’s water filtration systems are specially designed to catch impurities and contaminants including 1,2-Dichloroethylene before they reach your faucet. Install a water filter today and keep your family safe with the effective filtration technology and the long filter life of AquaOx’s water filter solution.
From The Agency of Toxic Substances and Disease Registry
CAS ID #: 540-59-0, 156-59-2,156-60-5
Affected Organ Systems: Cardiovascular (Heart and Blood Vessels), Hematological (Blood Forming), Hepatic (Liver)
Cancer Classification: EPA: Not classifiable as to human carcinogenicity. IARC: Not evaluated. NTP: Not evaluated
Please contact NTP, IARC, or EPA’s IRIS Hotline with questions on cancer and cancer classification.
Chemical Classification: Volatile organic compounds
Summary: 1, 2-Dichloroethene, also called 1, 2-dichloroethylene, is a highly flammable, colorless liquid with a sharp, harsh odor. It is used to produce solvents and in chemical mixtures. You can smell very small amounts of 1, 2-dichloroethene in air (about 17 parts of 1, 2-dichloroethene per million parts of air [17 ppm]). There are two forms of 1, 2-dichloroethene; one is called cis-1, 2-dichloroethene and the other is called trans-1,2-di-chloroethene. Sometimes both forms are present as a mixture.
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Other Contaminates We Remove.
About 1,2-Dichloropropane
From The Agency of Toxic Substances and Disease Registry
CAS#: 78-87-5
1,2-Dichloropropane is a colorless, flammable liquid with a chloroform-like odor. It is moderately soluble in water and readily evaporates into air. It does not occur naturally in the environment.
1,2-Dichloropropane production in the United States has declined over the past 20 years. It was used in the past as a soil fumigant, chemical intermediate, and industrial solvent and was found in paint strippers, varnishes, and furniture finish removers. Most of these uses were discontinued. Today, almost all of the 1,2-dichloropropane is used as a chemical intermediate to make perchloroethylene and several other related chlorinated chemicals.
For more information, contact:
Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry
Division of Toxicology and Human Health Sciences
1600 Clifton Road NE, Mailstop F-57
Atlanta, GA 30333
Phone: 1-800-CDC-INFO · 888-232-6348 (TTY)
ATSDR can also tell you the location of occupational and environmental health clinics. These clinics specialize in recognizing, evaluating, and treating illnesses resulting from exposure to hazardous substances.
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Other Contaminates We Remove.
We Filter Out The Cancer-Causing Chemical TCP.
What is 1,2,3 –TCP?
1,2,3, TCP is an exclusively man-made chlorinated hydrocarbon commonly used as an industrial solvent, cleaner, and degreaser, as well in the production of paint thinners and varnish removers. TCP is also used in the production of other chemicals, which is how it became a contaminant in two commonly used soil fumigants used in California to manage nematodes.
Because TCP containing fumigants were extensively used in California, particularly in Kern, Tulare, and Fresno Counties, contamination of drinking water wells became widespread in those parts of the state.
Health Impacts
In 1999, the TCP was added to the list of chemicals known to the State of California to cause cancer. Exposure can occur from drinking or cooking with TCP-contaminated water and from inhaling its steam (such as while showering or washing dishes). Exposure may possibly occur from dermal contact as well. contact with very high concentrations of TCP may irritate or burn the skin, nose, eyes, or throat, and it may cause drowsiness or liver damage. At this stage, it appears that TCP is unlikely to become concentrated in food, such as plants and fish.
In 2009, the Office of Environmental Health Hazard Assessment adopted a Public Health Goal for TCP in drinking water of .0007 parts per billion (ppb) — one of the most stringent ever established in the state – because of studies showing it to be extremely toxic at low levels. A Public Health Goal is the level in water at which no significant public health impacts are expected. It is not an enforceable standard.
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About Silvex 2 4 5-TP (silvex) Also know as Fenoprop or Propionic Acid
2,4,5-TP or more popularly known as Silvex is an organic herbicide used to control the growth and population of woody plants and other types of weeds. According to the Weed Science Society of America Herbicide Handbook, 2,4,5-TP is an organic white powder with a low odor.
Silvex Use On Woody Plants and Crops
Silvex, or proprionic acid, has several industrial uses. Before 1985, the chemical was used on crops such as rice and sugarcane and lawns. According to the Farm Chemicals Handbook, it was applied at harvest to cover grains thoroughly.
The United States government banned the use of Silvex in 1985 due to health concerns as it is an environmental contamination.
Also known as Fenoprop, the substance is used to control the weeds near aquatic facilities. Silvex is broadcasted in riverbanks, ditches, and ponds to curb the growth of stubborn weeds. It is also used in areas along reservoirs, streams, floodways, and canals.
How Does It Get Into Your Drinking Water
Just like with most contaminants, 2,4,5-TP or Propionic Acid, can get into your drinking water supply either due to improper waste management, rainwater runoff, or leachate. In some cases, it was directly sprayed into water to control aquatic weeds and woody plants.
What Are the Health Risks Associated with 2,4,5-TP Silvex
While there are no reports associating cancer with exposure to 2,4,5-TP, studies have shown that it can be a hazard to your health. Individuals exposed to the chemical are prone to kidney and liver problems as well as nervous system issues. Continuous exposure to the contaminated drinking water may damage your gastrointestinal tract.
Pregnant women and infants should never drink 2,4,5-Tp contaminated-water because of their delicate condition and potential health effects. The use of contaminated water for bathing may result in skin and eye irritation.
What is the EPA Maximum Contaminant Level of Silvex
When it was banned, the following statement gave directions for the occurrence of unsafe levels: “If the levels of 2,4,5-TP exceed the MCL, 0.05 ppm, the system must notify the public via newspapers, radio, TV and other means. Additional actions, such as providing alternative drinking water supplies, may be required to prevent serious risks to public health.”
When humans are in contact with residue from pesticides and chlorinated phenoxy acid herbicides, we know that they enter the system. In this citing by Pubmed, children’s urine was tested for chlorinated phenoxy acids and found to be present, showing that in 1995 it was still being absorbed by humans in spite of being banned 10 years prior.
The National Research Council is still doing regular monitoring and reporting on herbicide usage in the United States. With the National Academy Press, they publish a national summit report that is free to download.
How to Eliminate the Contaminant in Your Water Supply
The best way to get rid of 2,4,5-TP in your water supply is by finding the source of the problem. You must also run a complete water test to check the level of contamination present in your drinking water.
If it is detected, install a water filtration system that can remove the contaminant in your feed water. AquaOx’s water filter system is carefully designed to address water issues such as Silvex. Keep your family safe and healthy by investing in a water filtration system today!
Fenoprop, or 2-(2,4,5-trichlorophenoxy) propionic acid, is an herbicide and a plant growth regulator. Fenoprop has been banned from use as an herbicide in the United States since 1985.[1] The name Silvex was used in the USA. The name 2,4,5-TP is used in France and was used in the former USSR (2,4,5-??).
Fenoprop was once used as an herbicide for control of woody plants and broadleaf weeds. Information from Wikipedia.
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Silvex Alternative Names and Derivatives:
Derivative Types: Triethanolamine salt, Propylene glycol butyl ether ester
Additional Names: fenoprop; 2,4,5-TP,
Toxicity data: LD50 orally in rats: 650 mg/kg (Bailey, White)
Solubility: organic solvents 100%
About 2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic acid
2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic acid is an herbicide with irritant effects on the eye and the gastrointestinal system.
2, 4-D is a member of the phenoxy family of herbicides, which include; 2, 4-D is a synthetic auxin, which is a class of plant hormones. It is absorbed through the leaves and is translocated to the meristems of the plant. Uncontrolled, unsustainable growth ensues, causing stem curl-over, leaf withering, and eventual plant death. 2, 4-D is typically applied as an amine salt, but more potent ester versions exist as well. 2, 4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (usually referred to by its abbreviation, 2, 4-D) is a common systemic pesticide/herbicide used in the control of broadleaf weeds. It is one of the most widely used herbicide in the world, and the third most commonly used in North America. 2, 4-D is a synthetic auxin (plant hormone), and as such, it is often used in laboratories for plant research and as a supplement in plant cell culture media such as MS medium. It was a major ingredient in Agent Orange alongside its chemically similar relative, 2, 4, 5-T (2, 4, 5-trichlorophenoxyacetic acid).
Source: Human Metabolome Database (HMDB)
Record Name: 2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic acid
URL: http://www.hmdb.ca/metabolites/HMDB0041797
Description: The Human Metabolome Database (HMDB) is a freely available electronic database containing detailed information about small molecule metabolites found in the human body.
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About Arsenic
Do Water Softeners Remove Arsenic?
What Is Arsenic?
Arsenicosis or also known as arsenic poisoning occurs when an individual is exposed to high levels of arsenic by inhalation or ingestion. The chemical element arsenic is a naturally occurring compound found in many minerals.
It is a semi-metal element with odorless and tasteless properties. This chemical element is usually found in combination with other minerals including sulfur, realgar, arsenopyrite, and metals.
What Types of Industrial Uses Does it Have?
Bullets and Car Batteries
The main use of the crystalline metalloid is in alloying with lead to create harder and durable metals. The more common contribution of arsenic is in the creation of bullets and car batteries. A small percentage of the alloying agent is enough to strengthen lead components in car batteries.
Weapons
The US military also benefits from the use of arsenic in their weapons and ammunition from lung irritant to weaponized lewisite. The US military used a mixture of sodium cacodylate and its acid form to create Agent Blue during the Vietnam War. The chemical was used to prevent the North Vietnamese soldiers from taking advantage of foliage cover and rice.
Circuits
The chemical compound gallium arsenide (GaAs) is also an essential semiconductor ingredient in integrated circuits. Unlike with silicon, gallium arsenide in semiconductors creates faster, integrated circuits with being expensive as one of its downsides.
Glasses
Before the intervention of the EPA, the chemical element was used in the manufacturing of optical glasses. Unfortunately, its use in glassmaking was put to an end by the Environmental Protection Agency due to environmental concerns. Combined with antimony, the chemical elements are used as significant fining agents to remove bubbles during the melting process of glasses.
Pesticide
Another important use of arsenic is as a wood preservative due to its toxicity to insects, bacteria, and fungi as an agricultural pesticide and poison. Since its discovery in the 1930s, the use of chromated copper arsenate or CCA has become the most extensive industrial use of the naturally occurring semi-metallic chemical.
With its effectiveness against insects, bacteria, and fungi, its popularity and demand in the United States led to its eventual ban in 2004. Although it is banned as a consumer product in the United States of America, the pesticide remains a favorite among many consumers in other countries. Arsenic as agricultural insecticides is widely regarded as an effective poison to control insects that infest fruit-bearing crops. Monosodium methyl arsenate (MSMA) and disodium methyl arsenate (DSMA) are both less toxic versions of arsenic agricultural insecticides and poisons.
Transistors
Arsenic is commonly used as a dopant which is inserted into a substance to change its optical or electrical properties. It is used as a doping agent for transistors in the United States. The chemical element is also used in paints, dyes, soaps, drugs, and in lasers.
How Does Arsenic Get into Your Drinking Water
The problem of arsenic groundwater contamination is extensive in some areas of the United States, particularly in the southwest part of the country. Arsenic in drinking water is also significant in other countries especially in Bangladesh and its neighboring countries which requires serious attention and quick action to prevent health problems associated with the ingestion of the contaminant.
As mentioned above, contaminated groundwater is among the greatest threat to public health in the United States as well as in other countries. The United States of America is among the countries with high levels of naturally occurring inorganic arsenic particles in groundwater.
Drinking water as a source of exposure will result in significant numbers of arsenic poisoning-related health issues. Since it is impossible to detect with your senses of smell and taste, it is difficult to tell if the semi-metallic element is present in your drinking water or not.
The primary sources of arsenic in the water supply are runoff from pesticide-happy orchards, erosion of natural deposits, and runoff from industrial factories that use the chemical element to produce their products.
Since it is used as an agricultural pesticide and poison, arsenic runoff is quite common in groundwater near farms and orchards. If you are living near a farm where they use the inorganic chemical to control pests, there’s a high chance that it will go into your water source, especially if you’re relying on a private well.
Wood preservation in the United States also contributes to the runoff of the chemical into drinking water. Since arsenic is widely used as a pesticide in the agricultural industry, the chemical gradually sips into groundwater most often than not.
Industrial production wastes of the chemical also contribute to the spread of the contaminant and its eventual entry into water supplies.
Glassmaking, smelting, and electronics production wastes are among the more common causes of arsenic in drinking water.
Lastly, the erosion of natural deposits of arsenic in the environment in both its organic and inorganic forms may also infiltrate groundwater. Its inorganic form is the more abundant form and poses more threats to human health. Inorganic arsenic can be found with other elements including sulfur and chlorine when they occur in the environment.
What are the Health Concerns Associated with Arsenic in Drinking Water?
The rise of arsenic contamination of drinking water in the United States and other parts of the world is high. According to experts, arsenic in drinking water can cause all sorts of health problems to the exposed individual.
Drinking arsenic contaminated water in excess of EPA’s MCL or maximum contaminant level may lead to skin damages, circulatory system damages, and an increased risk of acquiring cancer. Chronic or long-term exposure to arsenic in drinking water may lead to higher rates of bladder and lung cancers and heart disease. Acute exposure to the chemical element may result in severe health condition and death.
According to studies, those who are exposed to arsenic-contaminated drinking water at 10 ppb to 100 ppb are prone to IQ degeneration and other adverse health effects.
What is the EPA’s Standards for Arsenic in Drinking Water?
Since 2001, the Environmental Protection Agency or EPA has adopted a lower set of standards for arsenic in drinking water. According to research, well waters in the United States are found to contain levels above 10 ppb.
Arsenic poisoning continues to be among the most alarming drinking water-related problems in the United States. That is why the EPA’s new drinking water arsenic standard of 10 parts per billion or ppb is used over the old standard of 50 ppb. Arsenic levels more than the EPA’s new standard must be reduced to avoid human health problems.
What Treatment is Recommended for Arsenic Removal?
The good news is that the contaminant can be identified in your feed water with the use of inexpensive water test kits. Once detected, you can remove arsenic to below 0.010 mg/L or 10 ppb by ion exchange, absorption media, oxidation/filtration, coagulation/filtration, and reverse osmosis filters.
Do Water Softeners Remove Arsenic?
Unfortunately, common household water treatment methods such as water softeners are ineffective when it comes to removing arsenic from your drinking water.
While a water softener in other water improvement and purification areas, they do not remove the contaminant. Therefore, a water softener is not the solution to arsenic-contaminated drinking water.
The Advantages of a Whole House Water Filter and Its Differences Between Shower Filters
A whole house water filter system is ideal for arsenic removal from your feed water. Most water filter systems are built with a multi-stage filtration system to remove contaminants including arsenic from well water or municipal water.
Aside from the effective filter system, they are designed with a backwash filter as a maintenance-free benefit for the coming 20 years. The automatic filter cleaning system will free you from the burden of regular maintenance.You can enjoy the best of both worlds when you have clean and fresh drinking water without the need to do complex maintenance procedures.
Although shower filters are inexpensive, they do not do a good job in eliminating arsenic and other chemical elements in your feed water. If you are after clean and healthy bathing water, invest in a whole house water filter system.
While it’s true that they are expensive, they offer better water quality and purification performances and results compared to the inexpensive filters. Therefore, a whole house water filter system easily outweighs any possible advantage of a shower filter over the more expensive water treatment system.
AquaOx’s whole house water filter system uses a granular activated carbon filter and is designed to eliminate the pollutant from your drinking water. The best thing about our water treatment system is that the filter media is effective in removing arsenic and other harmful chemicals. Additionally, the backwash filter allows you to plug our product without worrying about the maintenance.
Since it is maintenance-free, you can have peace of mind knowing you’ve done your best to keep your family safe from arsenic poisoning while forgetting the product is even there.
From The Agency of Toxic Substances and Disease Registry
CAS ID #: 7440-38-2
Affected Organ Systems: Dermal (Skin), Gastrointestinal (Digestive), Hepatic (Liver), Neurological (Nervous System), Respiratory (From the Nose to the Lungs)
Cancer Classification: EPA: Confirmed human carcinogen. IARC: Carcinogenic to humans . NTP: Known to be a human carcinogen.
Please contact NTP, IARC, or EPA’s IRIS Hotline with questions on cancer and cancer classification.
Chemical Classification: Inorganic substances
Summary: Arsenic is a naturally occurring element widely distributed in the earth’s crust. In the environment, arsenic is combined with oxygen, chlorine, and sulfur to form inorganic arsenic compounds. Arsenic in animals and plants combines with carbon and hydrogen to form organic arsenic compounds. Inorganic arsenic compounds are mainly used to preserve wood. Copper chromated arsenic (CCA) is used to make “pressure-treated” lumber. CCA is no longer used in the U.S. for residential uses; it is still used in industrial applications. Organic arsenic compounds are used as pesticides, primarily on cotton plants.
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Other Contaminates We Remove.
Atrazine water filter
What is Atrazine?
Atrazine is an organic compound, a chlorinated herbicide, and one of the most popular herbicides in the U.S.
This chemical has been banned in other parts of the world, including in the European Union, due to contamination of the drinking water supply and a negative environmental health hazard assessment.
What is Atrazine Used For?
Atrazine is a widely used herbicide that is applied to crop fields in order to control weeds. This chemical is not only crucial in agriculture but is also used in other outdoor spaces like golf courses and residential lawns.
While this chemical is effective at killing weeds, it is not safe for human consumption, even in small doses. Like other herbicides, it can cause an increased risk of health defects if it contaminates drinking water.
How Does Atrazine Get In Drinking Water?
Like other herbicides, the chemical atrazine seeps into groundwater where it has been used on agricultural fields, grass, and crops as a pesticide. This is otherwise known as agricultural runoff. From there, the chemical can be absorbed into the drinking water supply.
The compound has been known to contaminate drinking water in drinking water wells too. This happens when atrazine seeps into groundwater. These wells are particularly vulnerable because they are unregulated by the EPA, so owners need to be diligent in testing their water for atrazine contamination as well as other herbicides.
Health Effects of Atrazine Contamination in Water
Atrazine can have a number of adverse health impacts when it contaminates drinking water. Though these outcomes may sound scary, it’s important to remember that they may only occur after long-term consumption of atrazine at high levels.
The chemical can cause congestion of the heart, lungs, and kidneys. The chemicals present in this compound can act as a hormone disruptor. As a result, victims may experience low blood pressure, muscle spasms, weight loss, damage to adrenal glands, cardiovascular damage, retinal degeneration, muscle degeneration, and increased cancer risk.
The types of cancer linked to this chemical include breast cancer, ovarian cancer, and uterine cancer. Blood cancer — otherwise known as leukemia — and lymphoma are also risks.
Finally, there are several risks to the reproductive system, including birth defects, hormonal irregularities, and altered menstrual cycles. This evidence was collected after a series of epidemiological studies on female and male frogs.
What is the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) Standard for Atrazine?
The federal government places restrictions on how atrazine can be used to protect water sources.
In a recent proposal, the agency suggested prohibiting the application of this compound when soils can retain water or during storm events, prohibiting aerial applications of atrazine, and restricting use to 2 pounds or less per acre per year.
The agency periodically changes its restrictions on this herbicide by continually monitoring its impact on drinking water.
How Do You Remove Atrazine From Tap Water?
You can achieve almost full atrazine removal from your drinking water with a granular activated carbon filter.
Removing atrazine from your drinking water should be a priority for you and your family. Need a water filter that will remove this compound? Check out our line of whole-house water filters.
Whole-house water filters are easy to maintain, highly effective, and a great way to remove many contaminants from your water. In addition to atrazine, you can reduce higher-than-normal concentrations of chlorine, PFOS, PFAS, and heavy metals.
Keep in mind that higher-than-usual atrazine concentrations do not just have negative health effects when consumed in drinking water. This compound can also seep into the skin when bathing and showering. Since it is an herbicide, it can also harm plants (and pets) if they’re fed a steady diet of water with high atrazine concentrations.
From The Agency of Toxic Substances and Disease Registry
Atrazine is the common name for an herbicide that is widely used to kill weeds. It is used mostly on farms. Pure atrazine-an odorless, white powder-is not very volatile, reactive, or flammable. It will dissolve in water. Atrazine is made in the laboratory and does not occur naturally.
Atrazine is used on crops such as sugarcane, corn, pineapples, sorghum, and macadamia nuts, on evergreen tree farms, and for evergreen forest regrowth. It has also been used to keep weeds from growing on both highway and railroad rights-of-way. Atrazine can be sprayed on croplands before crops start growing and after they have emerged from the soil. Some of the trade names of atrazine are Aatrex®, Aatram®, Atratol®, and Gesaprim®. The scientific name for atrazine is 6-chloro-N-ethyl-N’-(1-methylethyl)-triazine-2,4-diamine. Atrazine is a Restricted Use Pesticide (RUP), which means that only certified herbicide users may purchase or use atrazine.
Certification for the use of atrazine during the growing season is obtained through the appropriate state office where the herbicide user is licensed.
Certified herbicide workers (see Section 1.7) may spread atrazine on crops or croplands as a powder, liquid, or in a granular form. Atrazine is usually used in the spring and summer months. For it to be active, atrazine needs to dissolve in water and enter the plants through their roots. It then acts in the shoots and leaves of the weed to stop photosynthesis. Atrazine is taken up by all plants, but in plants not affected by atrazine, it is broken down before it can have an effect on photosynthesis. The application of atrazine to crops as an herbicide accounts for almost all of the atrazine that enters the environment, but some may be released from manufacturing, formulation, transport, and disposal.
Complete information about the sources, properties, and uses of atrazine can be found in Chapters 4 and 5 of this profile.
For more information, contact:Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease RegistryDivision of Toxicology and Human Health Sciences1600 Clifton Road NE, Mailstop F-57Atlanta, GA 30333Phone: 1-800-CDC-INFO · 888-232-6348 (TTY)Email: contact CDC-INFO
ATSDR can also tell you the location of occupational and environmental health clinics. These clinics specialize in recognizing, evaluating, and treating illnesses resulting from exposure to hazardous substances.
About Benz(a)anthracene
| Chemical Names: | Benz[a]anthracene; Tetraphene; 1,2-Benzanthracene; 56-55-3; Benzanthrene; Benzo[a]anthracene More… |
|---|---|
| Molecular Formula: | C18H12 |
| Molecular Weight: | 228.294 g/mol |
| Substance Registry: | FDA UNII |
| Safety Summary: | Laboratory Chemical Safety Summary (LCSS) |
Benz[a]anthracene is a crystalline, aromatic hydrocarbon consisting of four fused benzene rings, produced by incomplete combustion of organic matter. Benz(a)anthracene is primarily found in gasoline and diesel exhaust, tobacco and cigarette smoke, coal tar and coal tar pitch, coal combustion emissions, charcoal-broiled foods, amino acids, fatty acids and carbohydrate pyrolysis products, wood and soot smoke, and creosote, asphalt and mineral oils. This substance is used only for research purposes. Benz(a)anthracene is reasonably anticipated to be a human carcinogen. (NCI05)
Source: NCIt
URL: https://ncit.nci.nih.gov/ncitbrowser/ConceptReport.jsp?dictionary=NCI_Thesaurus&ns=NCI_Thesaurus&code=C44334
Description: NCI Thesaurus (NCIt) provides reference terminology for many systems. It covers vocabulary for clinical care, translational and basic research, and public information and administrative activities.
PHYSICAL DESCRIPTION: Colorless leaflets or plates or coarse gold powder with a greenish-yellow fluorescence. May reasonably be expected to be a carcinogen.
Source: CAMEO Chemicals
URL: https://cameochemicals.noaa.gov/chemical/16171
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About Benzene
From The Agency of Toxic Substances and Disease Registry
CAS ID #: 71-43-2
Affected Organ Systems: Hematological (Blood Forming), Immunological (Immune System), Neurological (Nervous System)
Cancer Classification: NTP: Known to be a human carcinogen. EPA: Known human carcinogen. IARC: Carcinogenic to humans
Please contact NTP, IARC, or EPA’s IRIS Hotline with questions on cancer and cancer classification.
Chemical Classification: Hydrocarbons (contain hydrogen and carbon atoms), Volatile organic compounds
Summary: Benzene is a colorless liquid with a sweet odor. It evaporates into the air very quickly and dissolves slightly in water. It is highly flammable and is formed from both natural processes and human activities.
Benzene is widely used in the United States; it ranks in the top 20 chemicals for production volume. Some industries use benzene to make other chemicals which are used to make plastics, resins, and nylon and synthetic fibers. Benzene is also used to make some types of rubbers, lubricants, dyes, detergents, drugs, and pesticides. Natural sources of benzene include volcanoes and forest fires. Benzene is also a natural part of crude oil, gasoline, and cigarette smoke.
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About Benzo(a)pyrene
| Chemical Names: | Benzo[a]pyrene; 3,4-Benzopyrene; 50-32-8; BENZO(A)PYRENE; Benzo[pqr]tetraphene; 3,4-Benzpyrene |
|---|---|
| Molecular Formula: | C20H12 |
| Molecular Weight: | 252.316 g/mol |
| InChI Key: | FMMWHPNWAFZXNH-UHFFFAOYSA-N |
| Drug Information: | Therapeutic Uses FDA UNII |
| Safety Summary: | Laboratory Chemical Safety Summary (LCSS) |
Benzo(A)pyrene is a potent mutagen and carcinogen. It is a public health concern because of its possible effects on industrial workers, as an environmental pollutant, an as a component of tobacco smoke.
Source: MeSH
Record Name: Benzo(a)pyrene
URL: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/mesh/680015643,4-Benzpyrene is a crystalline, aromatic hydrocarbon consisting of five fused benzene rings and formed during the incomplete combustion of organic matter. 3,4-Benzpyrene is primarily found in gasoline and diesel exhaust, cigarette smoke, coal tar and coal tar pitch, charcoal-broiled foods and certain other foods, amino acids, fatty acids and carbohydrate pyrolysis products, soot smoke, creosote oil, petroleum asphalt and shale oils. This substance is used only for research purposes. 3,4-Benzpyrene is reasonably anticipated to be a human carcinogen. (NCI0
Source: NCIt
Record Name: 3,4-Benzpyrene
URL: https://ncit.nci.nih.gov/ncitbrowser/ConceptReport.jsp?dictionary=NCI_Thesaurus&ns=NCI_Thesaurus&code=C29800
Description: NCI Thesaurus (NCIt) provides reference terminology for many systems. It covers vocabulary for clinical care, translational and basic research, and public information and administrative activities.
Benzo[a]pyrene, also known as 3, 4-Benzopyrene or 3, 4-BP, is classified as a member of the Benzopyrenes. Benzopyrenes are organic compounds containing a benzene fused to a pyrene(benzo[def]phenanthrene) ring system. Benzo[a]pyrene is formally rated as a carcinogenic (IARC 1) potentially toxic compound. Benzo[a]pyrene is a crystalline, aromatic hydrocarbon consisting of five fused benzene rings and formed during the incomplete combustion of organic matter. Benzo[a]pyrene is primarily found in gasoline and diesel exhaust, cigarette smoke, coal tar and coal tar pitch, charcoal-broiled foods and certain other foods, amino acids, fatty acids and carbohydrate pyrolysis products, soot smoke, creosote oil, petroleum asphalt and shale oils. This substance is used only for research purposes. Benzo[a]pyrene is reasonably anticipated to be a human carcinogen (NCI05). Its diol epoxide metabolites (more commonly known as BPDE) react and bind to DNA, resulting in mutations and eventually cancer. It is listed as a Group 1 carcinogen by the IARC. In the 18th century a scrotal cancer of chimney sweepers, the chimney sweeps’ carcinoma, was already connected to soot.
Source: Human Metabolome Database (HMDB)
Record Name: Benzo[a]pyrene
URL: http://www.hmdb.ca/metabolites/HMDB0062469Description: The Human Metabolome Database (HMDB) is a freely available electronic database containing detailed information about small molecule metabolites found in the human body.
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About Beryllium
| Chemical Names: | Beryllium; 7440-41-7; Glucinium; Beryllium dust; Beryllium metal; Beryllium powder |
|---|---|
| Molecular Formula: | Be |
| Molecular Weight: | 9.012 g/mol |
| InChI Key: | ATBAMAFKBVZNFJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N |
| Substance Registry: | FDA UNII |
| Safety Summary: | Laboratory Chemical Safety Summary (LCSS) |
Beryllium is an element with the atomic symbol Be, atomic number 4, and atomic weight 9.01218. Short exposure to this element can lead to a type of poisoning known as BERYLLIOSIS.
Description: NCI Thesaurus (NCIt) provides reference terminology for many systems. It covers vocabulary for clinical care, translational and basic research, and public information and administrative activities.
Beryllium is a hard, grayish metal naturally found in mineral rocks, coal, soil, and volcanic dust. Beryllium compounds are commercially mined, and the Beryllium is purified for use in nuclear weapons and reactors, aircraft and space vehicle structures, instruments, x-ray machines, and mirrors. Beryllium ores are used to make specialty ceramics for electrical and high-technology applications. Beryllium alloys are used in automobiles, computers, sports equipment (golf clubs and bicycle frames), and dental bridges.
Source: CDC-ATSDR Toxic Substances Portal
Record Name: Beryllium
URL: https://www.atsdr.cdc.gov/substances/toxsubstance.asp?toxid=33
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About Bromate
Bromate is an inorganic ion and an oxidizing agent that contains bromine at its highest oxidation state of +5. Bromate ion is colorless and tasteless with very low volatility. Sodium bromate and potassium bromate are examples of bromate.
How Does Bromate Get into Your Drinking Water?
Clean, safe drinking water is a fundamental necessity for our well-being. However, the presence of certain compounds, such as bromate, can raise concerns about water quality.
Understanding how bromate finds its way into our water supply is crucial for ensuring effective water treatment and safeguarding public health.
Water Treatment and Disinfection
The journey of water from its source to your tap involves multiple steps, including treatment and disinfection processes. One common method of disinfection is the use of ozone or hypochlorite, which can react with naturally occurring bromide ions in water. This chemical reaction can result in the formation of bromate.
Natural Sources and Industrial Activities
Bromate can also find its way into water sources through natural processes and industrial activities. Natural occurrences of bromide ions in water, particularly in regions with high bromide concentrations, can contribute to bromate formation during disinfection.
Additionally, certain industrial activities, such as the discharge of effluents containing bromate into water bodies, can introduce the compound into water sources.
Water Quality Monitoring and Regulation
To ensure the safety of drinking water, regulatory bodies implement strict monitoring and regulation practices. These organizations set maximum allowable limits for bromate in drinking water, regularly test water samples, and enforce treatment processes to minimize bromate levels.
Public water supplies undergo stringent quality control measures to ensure compliance with these regulations and maintain safe drinking water standards. Bromate is found in drinking water that comes from two primary sources. This ion is either a residue or a disinfection byproduct (DBP) in drinking water sources.
Since bromate is formed as a disinfectant byproduct, it can easily get into your drinking water when ozone reacts with the naturally occurring bromide in the disinfected water source. This is the more common way for the ion to get into water sources.
It can also be present in your drinking water as a residue in hypochlorite solutions. Either way, it may cause serious water issues once it enters into your pipelines undetected.
Several factors affect the formation of bromate in disinfected drinking water. Among these are the pH of the water source, the concentration of bromide ions, and the amount of ozone available.
What are the Health Risks Associated with Bromate?
Acute exposure or ingestion of bromate in drinking water may lead to kidney or nervous system damages, nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, and diarrhea. Continuous exposure to high levels of bromate may also result in hearing loss.
According to studies on human exposure to bromate in drinking water, drinking contaminated water contributes to the increase in the risk of cancer. Women of childbearing age and children are susceptible to the negative effects of bromate in drinking water.
If the levels are more than the maximum contaminant level (MCL), the use and consumption of the water must be stopped to avoid its adverse effects on human health. Early detection is important to prevent severe health problems.
What is the EPA’s Standards for Bromate in Drinking Water
Ensuring the safety of our drinking water is a top priority for public health agencies. In the case of bromate, a compound that can be found in water sources, the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) has established strict standards to safeguard the well-being of consumers.
Understanding Bromate Regulation
The EPA sets maximum contaminant levels (MCLs) for various substances in drinking water, including bromate. The MCL represents the highest allowable concentration of a contaminant in water that is considered safe for consumption. For bromate, the EPA has set an MCL of 0.010 milligrams per liter (mg/L), or 10 parts per billion (ppb).
Rationale Behind the Standards
The EPA’s standards for bromate in drinking water are based on extensive research and risk assessments. Scientific studies have indicated that prolonged exposure to high levels of bromate may lead to adverse health effects, including an increased risk of cancer and kidney damage.
The MCL for bromate is established to ensure that the levels of this compound in drinking water remain below the threshold that could pose significant health risks.
Monitoring and Compliance: To enforce the EPA’s standards, water suppliers are required to regularly monitor bromate levels in their water sources. These monitoring efforts help identify potential issues and ensure that the MCL is not exceeded. In cases where bromate levels are found to be above the set standard, water treatment processes are implemented to reduce the concentration of bromate and ensure compliance.ection Agency (EPA) has set a maximum contaminant Level (MCL) for the water contaminant in private and public water supplies at 10 ppb. If your drinking water contains the impurity at an excess level, the best thing to do is to contact your provider to inform them about the water issue. The first action is to inform the water authorities so they can provide the best solution for your problem.
What Treatment is Recommended for Removing Bromate from Drinking Water?
Maintaining clean and safe drinking water requires effective treatment processes to remove contaminants. When it comes to bromate, a compound that can be present in water sources, specific treatment methods are recommended to ensure its removal. In this blog section, we will explore the treatment options recommended for removing bromate from drinking water, highlighting the importance of these processes in safeguarding water purity and protecting public health.
Activated Carbon Filtration: Activated carbon filtration is a common and effective treatment method for removing bromate from drinking water. This process involves passing water through activated carbon filters that have a high adsorption capacity for bromate molecules. The activated carbon traps and removes bromate particles, resulting in a significant reduction in its concentration.
Bromate is a tough customer to elimiIntroduction: Maintaining clean and safe drinking water requires effective treatment processes to remove contaminants. When it comes to bromate, a compound that can be present in water sources, specific treatment methods are recommended to ensure its removal. In this blog section, we will explore the treatment options recommended for removing bromate from drinking water, highlighting the importance of these processes in safeguarding water purity and protecting public health.
Activated Carbon Filtration: Activated carbon filtration is a common and effective treatment method for removing bromate from drinking water. This process involves passing water through activated carbon filters that have a high adsorption capacity for bromate molecules. The activated carbon traps and removes bromate particles, resulting in a significant reduction in its concentration.
Ion Exchange: Ion exchange is another treatment technique that can effectively remove bromate from drinking water. In this process, a specialized resin is used to exchange bromate ions with other harmless ions, such as chloride ions. As the water passes through the resin bed, bromate ions are captured and replaced, resulting in the removal of bromate from the water.
Ozonation: Ozonation, the application of ozone gas, is an effective method for treating water contaminated with bromate. Ozone reacts with bromate, breaking it down into harmless byproducts. This process is commonly used in water treatment plants to ensure the removal of bromate and other disinfection byproducts.
Advanced Oxidation Processes: Advanced oxidation processes (AOPs), such as ultraviolet (UV) radiation combined with hydrogen peroxide, are highly effective in removing bromate from drinking water. UV radiation breaks down bromate molecules, while hydrogen peroxide enhances the oxidation process. AOPs offer a reliable and efficient solution for bromate removal.nate from your feed water if you can’t remove it from the water source. There are several removal treatments used to get rid of the contaminant from drinking water. Among the most effective is the use of granular activated carbon (GAC) to filter the pollutant before they reach your faucet.
A water filter system with the right media type and treatment process can remove the contaminant. Check the quality of your drinking water with a complete water test kit if you’re worried about potential contaminants like bromite. Afterward, install a whole house filter system like AquaOx’s which is a reliable product that can help safeguard your loved ones. Get one today, and protect your family from the potential health threats of bromate and other contaminants found in your drinking water.
PubChem CID:84979Chemical Names:Bromate; Trioxidobromate(1-); 15541-45-4; BrO3(-); [BrO3](-); BromatesMolecular Formula:BrO3(–) or BrO3–Molecular Weight:127.901 g/mol Boiling Point: Unavailable InChI Key:SXDBWCPKPHAZSM-UHFFFAOYSA-M
Negative ions or salts derived from bromic acid, HBrO3.
BROMATES, INORGANIC, N.O.S. is a colorless to light colored solid. Slightly soluble in water and denser than water. contact may cause irritation to skin, eyes, and mucous membranes. May be toxic by ingestion. Used to make other chemicals.Data Source: CAMEO ChemicalsRecord Name: BROMATES, INORGANIC, N.O.S.URL: https://cameochemicals.noaa.gov/chemical/2640
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About Bromoform
One of the most common sources of bromoform in the environment is seawater, where it is produced by algae and other marine organisms. However, bromoform can also be found in drinking water, particularly in areas where disinfection byproducts are formed during the water treatment process.
This has led to increased awareness of the potential health risks associated with bromoform exposure, including increased cancer risk and reproductive issues.
Despite these concerns, bromoform has been used for various industrial purposes, including as a solvent and in the production of pharmaceuticals and pesticides. However, the potential health risks associated with bromoform exposure have led to increased regulation and restrictions on its use in many countries around the world.
In this blog post, we’ll take a closer look at bromoform and its potential health risks, as well as its various industrial and environmental uses. We’ll also discuss the regulations and restrictions on bromoform use, and the ongoing efforts to find safer alternatives.
What is Bromoform?
IUPAC Standard InChI: InChI=1S/CHBr3/c2-1(3)4/h1
Bromoform is one of the four haloforms (chemically active metals). The substance is a colorless to yellow liquid with a sweet, chloroform-like odor. It is an organic, non-flammable solvent with a high density and can be made using the haloform reaction.
What is the Bromoform Formula?
Bromoform, also known as tribromomethane, is a colorless to yellowish liquid with a sweet odor. Its chemical formula is CHBr3, which means it contains one carbon atom, three bromine atoms, and one hydrogen atom. Bromoform is a member of the group of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) that can be found in both natural and industrial environments.
What Types of Industrial Uses Does it Have?
The principal use of bromoform is as a laboratory reagent. The substance is also an essential ingredient for making solvent, flame retardant, and sedative in the past. Aside from its use in laboratories, bromoform is also used in geological and electronics testing.
Bromoform has many uses in industry, including as a solvent for waxes, oils, and resins, as well as a flame retardant in plastics and textiles. However, it is also considered a hazardous material because it can be toxic to humans and the environment.
To measure the level of bromoform in a substance, scientists use the unit of mg kg, which means milligrams of bromoform per kilogram of the substance being tested. This is important because exposure to even small amounts of bromoform can have negative effects on human health, including liver and kidney damage, as well as neurological problems.
Bromoform is also a chemically active substance and can react with certain metals, such as aluminum and zinc, to form potentially explosive compounds. This is why it is important to handle bromoform with care and to follow proper safety procedures when working with it.
How Does Bromoform Get into Your Drinking Water?
Since bromoform is a disinfection byproduct, it contaminates drinking water when chlorine is added to water systems. It is a residue of the process of chlorination in most municipal water systems in the United States and in almost all parts of the world.
What are the Health Risks Associated with Bromoform?
Long-term or short-term exposure to bromoform in chlorinated drinking water may result in different types of health problems. An individual who consumed levels of bromoform above the EPA’s contamination level standards may experience damages to their central nervous system, liver, and kidney.
It is considered a known or suspected carcinogen, which means it has the potential to cause cancer. Exposure to bromoform can occur through inhalation, ingestion, or contact with affected skin areas.
Furthermore, if there is a fire involving tanks containing bromoform, highly toxic fumes can be produced, which can lead to serious respiratory problems or even death. Ingestion of bromoform can also cause nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, and central nervous system depression.
It is crucial to take immediate action if exposure to bromoform occurs. If ingested, medical professionals may induce vomiting highly to prevent further absorption. If inhaled or exposed to affected skin areas, it is recommended to move to fresh air and seek medical attention immediately.
Workers Exposed to Bromoform
Employers should provide proper respiratory protection and protective clothing for anyone working around bromoform. Workers should try to prevent skin contact. If contaminated, a worker should wash skin that’s been exposed. It is important to immediately flood affected skin to prevent skin absorption.
Bromoform is irritating to skin, eyes, and respiratory tract. If inhaled, it’s recommended that a self contained breathing apparatus be used and to take deep breaths of fresh air. If it gets in eyes, it’s important to remove contact lenses and contact the poison control center.
Bromoform gives off irritating or toxic fumes in a fire and is considered a fire hazard since it does produce toxic gases.
How Common is Bromoform in Water?
Bromoform is common in many water systems since it is a byproduct of chlorination.
What is the EPA’s Contamination Level Standards for Bromoform in Drinking Water?
EPA has set an MCLG of zero for bromoform and an MCL of 0.080 mg/L or 80 ppb.
What is the Best Reduction Media for Removing Bromoform from Drinking Water?
Since it is a common drinking water contaminant found in tap water due to the adding of chlorine to water systems, most of the water filter systems today are designed to catch the chemical compound to protect the public from its health effects.
An AquaOx filter system is built with a multi-stage filtration with granular activated carbon to eliminate bromoform and other chemicals in tap water. Prevent health problems tomorrow by installing a reliable water filtration system today!
From The Agency of Toxic Substances and Disease Registry
CAS#: 75-25-2; 124-48-1
Bromoform (also known as tribromomethane) and dibromochloromethane are colorless to yellow, heavy, nonburnable liquids with a sweetish odor. These chemicals are possible contaminants of drinking water that has been chlorinated to kill bacteria and viruses that could cause serious waterborne infectious diseases.
Bromoform and dibromochloromethane may form when chlorine reacts with other naturally occurring substances in water, such as decomposing plant material. Plants in the ocean also produce small amounts of these chemicals.
These chemicals are found mainly in water that originally came from surface sources, such as rivers and lakes. Springs and deep drilled wells usually contain very little of the substances that react with chlorine to form these chemicals; therefore, well and spring water is less likely a source of bromoform and dibromochloromethane than water from a reservoir (artificial lake).
The amount of bromoform and dibromochloromethane in drinking water can change considerably from day to day, depending on the source, temperature, amount of plant material in the water, amount of chlorine added, and a variety of other factors.
In the past, the colorless liquid was used by industry to dissolve dirt and grease and to make other chemicals. Bromoform was also used in the early part of this century as a medicine to help children with whooping cough get to sleep.
Currently, bromoform is only produced in small amounts for use in laboratories and in geological and electronics testing. Dibromochloromethane was used in the past to make other chemicals such as fire extinguisher fluids, spray can propellants, refrigerator fluid, and pesticides. It is now only used on a small scale in laboratories.
In the environment, bromoform and dibromochloromethane are not found as pure liquids, but instead, they are found either dissolved in water or evaporated into air as a gas. The vapor pressure for bromoform is 5 mmHg at 68°F ; 5.6 mmHg at 77°F.
Both bromoform and dibromochloromethane are relatively stable in the air, but reactions with other chemicals in the air cause them to break down slowly (about 50% in 1 or 2 months). Bromoform and dibromochloromethane in water or soil may also be broken down by bacteria, but the speed of this process is not known.
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About Carbofuran
Considered among the most toxic pesticides, Carbofuran is primarily used for the control of insects in the farmlands, mites in dogs and cats, and nematodes in animals. Sold under the trade names Furadan and Curater, Carbofuran is an odorless cholinesterase inhibitor manufactured and used as an insecticide, a nematocide, and an acaricide.
What Types of Industrial Uses Does It Have
Carbofuran is a systematic insecticide used to control insects invading field crops including corn and potatoes. The plants absorb the chemical Carbofuran through their roots and distribute it throughout the different organs. The chemical is a popular choice as a pesticide for soybean aphids. It is also used in various crops because of its effectiveness in eliminating pests and potential invasions of harmful insects.
How Does Carbofuran Get into Your Drinking Water
The chemical can get into your drinking water since it is used to control pests near bodies of water. The common cause of Carbofuran in your drinking water is the leaching of the chemical on field crops. The odorless substance can get into your drinking water and may present health effects upon exposure to the contaminant.
What are the Health Risks Associated with Carbofuran
Humans exposed to the contaminant in their drinking water may experience vomiting, diarrhea, abdominal pain, nausea, weakness, lassitude, sweating, blurred vision, hypersalivation, and hypertension. If you’ve detected the presence of Carbofuran or any other chemical in your tap water, you must stop drinking the water to avoid its adverse health effects.
What’s the Solution to Eliminate the Contaminant
Water filtration is a must if you want to ensure high-quality drinking water for you and your family. Often overlooked in many households, a water filter system can help prevent sickness and disease. Remove water impurities and keep your family safe with AquaOx’s whole house water filtration system. Get yours today, and enjoy quality drinking water.
| Chemical Names: | Carbofuran; Furadan; 1563-66-2; Curaterr; Yaltox; Chinufur |
|---|---|
| Molecular Formula: | C12H15NO3 |
| Molecular Weight: | 221.256 g/mol |
| InChI Key: | DUEPRVBVGDRKAG-UHFFFAOYSA-N |
| Substance Registry: | FDA UNII |
| Safety Summary: | Laboratory Chemical Safety Summary (LCSS) |
Carbofuran is a cholinesterase inhibitor that is used as a systemic insecticide, an acaricide, and nematocide. (From Merck Index, 11th ed)
Source: Human Metabolome Database (HMDB)
Record Name: Carbofuran
URL: http://www.hmdb.ca/metabolites/HMDB0031770
Description: The Human Metabolome Database (HMDB) is a freely available electronic database containing detailed information about small molecule metabolites found in the human body.
Carbofuran is an odorless white crystalline solid. contact with skin may burn skin and eyes. When exposed to heat or flames it may emit toxic oxides of nitrogen. It is toxic by inhalation, skin contact, and/ or ingestion. It is used as a pesticide.
Source: CAMEO Chemicals
Record Name: CARBOFURAN
URL: https://cameochemicals.noaa.gov/chemical/2809
About Carbon Tetrachloride
Carbon tetrachloride is a chemical compound that has been used in a variety of industrial, commercial, and consumer applications for decades. From its use as a refrigerant to its role in the manufacturing of nylons, this versatile substance has proven its worth in a range of different fields.
However, with its many uses come many potential dangers. Exposure to carbon tetrachloride can have serious short-term and long-term health effects, and it’s important for anyone who works with or around this chemical to understand the risks involved.
In this blog, we’ll take a closer look at carbon tetrachloride, examining both its uses and its dangers. We’ll explore the ways in which it is commonly employed in different industries, as well as the risks that come along with handling this powerful substance.
What is Carbon Tetrachloride, Chemical Compound?
Carbon tetrachloride is an organic compound with chemical formula CCI4. It is a colourless liquid with a sweet, ether-like odor. The chemical compound is soluble in alcohol, chloroform, ether, benzene, naphtha, formic acid, and carbon disulfide.
What Types of Uses Does Carbon Tet Have?
Carbon tetrachloride, also known as tetrachloromethane, has been widely used in various industrial applications due to its unique properties as a volatile organic compound (VOC).
One of its major uses is as a precursor in the production chlorinated solvents like chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) and hydrochlorofluorocarbons (HCFCs), which are used as refrigerants, propellants, and foam blowing agents.
CFCs and HCFCs are notorious for their ozone-depleting properties, which led to the signing of the Montreal Protocol in 1987, phasing out the use of CFCs and HCFCs globally.
Carbon tetrachloride serves as a cleaning agent in the electronics industry, where it is used to remove flux residues from circuit boards.
Additionally, it has been used as a dry cleaning solvent for fabrics, as well as a fire extinguisher in the past due to its non-flammable properties. In the manufacturing of nylons, carbon tetrachloride is used as a reaction solvent to produce caprolactam, the precursor for nylon 6.
What Happens when Carbon Tetrachloride is Exposed to Steam?
When carbon tetrachloride is heated, it can turn into a gas and mix with water vapor in the air. This creates toxic gases that contain phosgene and hydrochloric acid.
Phosgene was once used in chemical warfare and is now used to make different chemicals. Hydrochloric acid is a strong acid that can harm the skin, eyes, and lungs if inhaled.
The reaction of carbon tetrachloride with steam can happen without anyone meaning for it to. This makes it particularly dangerous in industrial settings. For instance, carbon tetrachloride might be used as a cleaner in making chlorinated solvents that go into things like plastic and rubber. If the machines used in this process aren’t cleaned and dried properly, any leftover carbon tetrachloride can mix with steam and create harmful fumes.
How Does Carbon Tetrachloride Get into Your Drinking Water?
Discharge from chemical plants can get into nearby water systems. Heavy rainfall will cause runoff of the chemical compound into water sources.
Is Carbon Tetrachloride Dangerous?
Carbon tetrachloride is a volatile organic compound that has been widely used in various industries such as cleaning, refrigeration, and fire extinguishing. However, the extensive use of carbon tetrachloride has raised environmental and safety concerns due to its chemical hazards.
Carbon tetrachloride appears as colorless, heavy liquid that readily evaporates into toxic fumes. Ingesting or inhaling carbon tetrachloride can cause a range of health problems such as inducing cell toxicity and higher doses inducing hepatic tumours.
Carbon tetrachloride toxicity is attributed to its metabolism in the liver, where it is converted into toxic metabolites that damage liver cells. High doses of carbon tetrachloride can induce cell death and lead to liver failure.
Moreover, carbon tetrachloride is not only toxic but also a potent substance that causes ozone depletion. It is known to be a significant contributor to the depletion of the ozone layer, which protects us from harmful UV radiation.
Carbon tetrachloride was widely used in the past as a refrigerant, solvent, and fire extinguishing agent. However, its use has been phased out in many countries due to its environmental impact.
Carbon tetrachloride is also known to react with water and form inorganic compounds such as carbon dioxide and hydrochloric acid. These compounds are not only harmful to human health but also to the environment.
The hydrochloric acid (carbon + chloride) formed by the reaction of carbon tetrachloride with water can lead to acid rain, which has detrimental effects on plant and animal life. The formation of carbon dioxide contributes to global warming, which is a significant environmental concern.
Carbon tetrachloride released into the environment can occur through various sources, including industrial processes, improper disposal, and accidental spills.
The atmospheric concentrations of carbon tetrachloride have been declining since the implementation of the Montreal Protocol, an international treaty aimed at phasing out the production and consumption of ozone-depleting substances.
However, carbon tetrachloride still persists in the environment and poses a significant risk to human health and the environment.
What are the Health Risks Associated with Exposure to Carbon Tetrachloride?
Carbon tetrachloride is a chemical compound that can be dangerous to human health if you’re exposed to it. Short-term exposure, which can happen if you breathe it in, ingest it, or touch it on your skin, can cause symptoms like dizziness, headache, nausea, vomiting, and trouble breathing. It can also harm your liver and kidneys, which could be very serious.
If you’re exposed to carbon tetrachloride over a longer period of time, it can be even more harmful. This kind of exposure has been linked to serious health problems like liver and kidney damage, as well as an increased risk of developing cancer in those organs.
There is a correlation between carbon tetrachloride exposure and cancer risk. In addition to the increased risk of cancer, liver problems are among the health risks associated with the organic compound.
To keep yourself safe from the dangers of carbon tetrachloride, it’s crucial to handle it with care. If you work with this chemical in an industrial setting, make sure to wear protective gear like gloves and masks, and follow all safe handling procedures.
And if you accidentally come into contact with carbon tetrachloride, don’t wait to see if any symptoms appear. Instead, seek medical attention right away to prevent any further harm to your health.
How Common is Carbon Tetrachloride in Water?
The chemical is uncommon in most water systems. However, contamination is possible if chemical factories do not have proper waste management. In the case of chemical runoff, you must make the necessary action to remove the contaminant to below the EPA’s drinking water regulations.
What is the EPA’s Contamination Level Standards for Carbon Tetrachloride in Drinking Water?
The EPA’s MCLG for carbon tetrachloride is set at zero while the MCL for the contaminant is at 0.005 mg/L or 5 ppb. Quick action is required if your drinking water contains carbon tetrachloride above the set contamination level standards by the EPA.
What is the Best Reduction Filter for Removing Carbon Tetrachloride from Drinking Water?
You can remove carbon tetrachloride from drinking water using granular activated carbon in water filter systems. A reliable water treatment system like AquaOx is equipped with premium activated carbon to remove the contaminant to below 0.005 mg/L or 5 ppb.
Call us today and let us help you safeguard your family’s health by setting up your first line of defense against water contaminants!
From The Agency of Toxic Substances and Disease Registry
Carbon tetrachloride is a clear liquid that evaporates very easily. Most carbon tetrachloride that escapes to the environment is therefore found as a gas. Carbon tetrachloride does not easily burn. Carbon tetrachloride has a sweet odor, and most people can begin to smell it in air when the concentration reaches 10 parts carbon tetrachloride per million parts of air (ppm). It is not known whether people can taste it or, if they can, at what level. Carbon tetrachloride is a manufactured chemical and does not occur naturally in the environment.
Carbon tetrachloride has been produced in large quantities to make refrigeration fluid and propellants for aerosol cans. Since many refrigerants and aerosol propellants have been found to affect the earth’s ozone layer, the production of these chemicals is being phased out. Consequently, the manufacture and use of carbon tetrachloride has declined a great deal.
In the past, carbon tetrachloride was widely used as a cleaning fluid (in industry and dry cleaning establishments as a degreasing agent, and in households as a spot remover for clothing, furniture, and carpeting). Carbon tetrachloride was also used in fire extinguishers and as a fumigant to kill insects in grain. Most of these uses were discontinued in the mid-1960s. Until recently, carbon tetrachloride was used as a pesticide, but this was stopped in 1986.
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AquaOx Chloramine Filter
What is Chloramine?
Chloramines are disinfectants used by water utilities since 1930 in the treatment of drinking water in the United States of America. 
They are derivatives of ammonia by substitution of either one to three hydrogen atoms with chlorine atoms.
The chemical is an unstable colorless liquid with a melting point of -66 degrees C (-87 degrees F). Monochloramine (chloramine) is an inorganic compound used as a disinfectant in water supplies and swimming pools.
Water with chloramines must meet EPA regulatory standards to be considered safe to use for drinking water, cooking, bathing, and other household uses. According to studies, more than one in five Americans uses drinking water, cooking, and bathing water treated with chloramines.
How Effective is Chloramine?
Chloramine is a chlorine-based compound that also contains ammonia to treat dirty water effectively. It is the only disinfectant that can kill pathogens without altering the quality of water, making it safe for human consumption. However, the process is slow.
According to Scientific American, chloramine disinfectant works as follows:
Chloramine disintegrates the cell wall barrier
Microorganism cells discharge vital constituents needed for their survival
It terminates their functionality and stops the reproduction
Even though it is highly effective, chloramine is a secondary disinfectant and is added at the end of the entire water treatment cycle, including coagulation, clarification, sedimentation, and filtration.
As a secondary disinfectant, it removes bacteria from the water that accumulates while moving through pipes. It effectively kills harmful organisms, especially those that lead to Legionnaire disease.
According to CDC, chloramine has been used since 1929 as a secondary disinfectant in the US, Canada, and the UK. It offers long-lasting protection as chloramine doesn’t dissipate as quickly as chlorine. Besides, it also produces fewer by-products that can negatively impact human health. Yet there are many chloramine removal processes to get rid of its distinct chemical taste from your water supply.
What Types of Industrial Uses Does It Have?
Chloramines are known as secondary disinfection and commonly used to treat drinking water. They are often formed when ammonia is added to chlorine during water treatment.
Chloramines are also used in swimming pool disinfection and are responsible for the chlorine smell of swimming pools. As secondary disinfection, chloramines provide long-lasting disinfection to households. In the United States of America and different parts of the world, public water systems use chloramines instead of chlorine to meet disinfection byproduct requirements.
Monochloramine has been a drinking water disinfectant for over 90 years. Since Monochloramine provides long-lasting protection and effective disinfection, the chemical is used to maintain good water quality in the pipes in America and different countries worldwide.
Monochloramine is a good primary disinfectant compared to chlorine in limited situations. The colorless liquid does an effective job of killing most of the potentially harmful microorganisms found in your drinking water. It is also an effective secondary disinfectant when used correctly. Monochloramine provides many advantages over chlorine as a secondary disinfectant.
Does Chloramine Affect The Taste and Smell of Drinking Water?
Like chlorine, chloramine will also affect the taste and smell of your drinking water primarily because it contains chlorine. Secondly, chloramine takes longer to dissipate and thus will have more pronounced and distinct characteristics.
However, if the lingering chemical odor and taste affect you, consider using a water filter for a better and fresher water quality. There are several methods for chlorine and chloramine removal from your water, but reverse osmosis is one of the most effective water filtration processes.
How Chloramine Affects Pipes And Rubber In A House
The use of water additives can increase some plumbing issues in your home. Chloramines are found to cause leaks in pipes, especially in copper pipe systems. The use of water treatment such as chloramines can cause lead to leach from pipes in your house.
Chloramines have a corrosive effect on your pipes and aggressively react with rubber compared with chlorine. Since water additives like chloramines can change the chemical properties of water, pipe systems like lead and copper pipes are affected.
Changes in the chemical properties of water may affect your health in the long run. If your municipal water supplier uses additives like chloramines in your tap water, then don’t be surprised if you experience drastic changes in your water quality.
How Does Chloramine Get Into Your Drinking Water?
Chloramine is directly added to your drinking water through the water treatment system to eliminate potential threats to your health. The chemical immediately kills bad microorganisms like bacteria before they reach households.
It is one of the most popular alternatives to chlorination, so you get healthy and safe drinking water right into your taps. Monochloramine is commonly used for water treatment but only as a secondary disinfectant, meaning most water impurities are already removed.
However, chloramine protects the water from recontamination with pathogens that may enter as water travels from facilities to household water taps. Since it is difficult to break down, chloramine can maintain water hygiene during long journeys.
As EPA has become more stringent on disinfection byproducts, the dependence on chloramine has grown over time.
What Are The Health Risks Associated with Chloramine?
Regular exposure to chloramines may lead to dry mouth and throat and eventually bleeding lips. Long-term exposure to chloramine-contaminated water irritates and damages the individual’s skin cells.
Chloramine can pose a serious health risk due to its notorious irritant and corrosive properties. Below we discuss the most prominent disadvantages of chloramine disinfection:
Chloramine Filter Overview
*NOTE: Not all water contains all contaminants discussed. No water purifying system can remove 100% of every contaminant. If you have a concern about a specific contaminant, please call us or live chat with one of our water experts.
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Irritates Skin and Eyes
Chloramine is potentially dangerous for people with sensitive skin. It dries out body oils, making our skin extremely dry, damaged, and irritated. Besides, it can exacerbate skin diseases such as eczema and acne. Continuous exposure to the chemical can cause a burning sensation, dryness, and redness in the eyes.
Triggers Sinuses
People allergic to chloramine can experience stinging, bloodshot eyes after showering. It is because inhaling chloramine vapors irritates your nasal passage and mucus membrane, thus reaching the sinus.
Changes The Taste Odor of Drinking Water
Chloramine has a lingering chemical taste, just like chlorine. Due to its strong chemical properties, chloramine itself takes a long time to wick away, thus leaving behind disinfection byproducts. Therefore, many use a water filter pitcher for chloramine reduction.
Destructs Rubber and Metal Pipes
Chloramines deteriorate the rubber, which frequently breaks down O-rings, gaskets, and seals in our taps. Furthermore, it also corrodes metal pipes as the ammonia in the water turns into nitrates. This leads to constant water leakage that requires costly maintenance work. Besides, it can also introduce new toxic chemicals such as lead, especially when adequate corrosion control is not implemented.
Toxic For Fish and Plant Health
Using chloramine-contaminated water in your fish tanks, aquarium and garden can be fatal for your flora and fauna. Fishes, especially, have a delicate internal organ system that is highly sensitive to chloramine. Exposure to this potent chemical can deprive the fishes and plants of essential nutrients and result in death.
Why You Are Most Exposed to Chloramine through Shower Water
The use of chloramine-contaminated water in the shower increases the risks of health effects. Since your water heater is affected by the water additive, your eyes, skin, and respiratory system are prone to chloramine’s health threats whenever you shower.
Do I Need A Shower Filter to Remove Chloramine?
While chloramine is an effective water disinfectant, it can make our hair and skin extremely dry and sensitivity-prone. Therefore, you need to remove the residual chlorine components before they come in contact with your body.
Shower filters are the most effective and affordable for reducing chloramine levels in your household tap water supply. They are installed in the shower head to treat the water before you bathe.
Since chloramine is a stronger disinfectant, it is harder to remove compared to free chlorine radicals. Search for the best chloramine water filters that can remove more than 70% of the water contaminants and chloramine content from the shower water.
You can even install whole house water filters, as it not only filters your drinking water but also acts as a shower filter.
The Solution to Eliminate Chloramine in Your Drinking Water
The best solution to remove chloramines in your feed water is by installing an effective water filtration system. AquaOx’s whole house water filters are a reliable water treatment technology that can remove chloramine and other contaminants. Install your filtered water system today and increase your family’s protection against pollutants.
With the AquaOx whole house water filter, you won’t have to do any maintenance or purchase a replacement filter cartridge since they are designed to last 20+ years.
Why You Need a House Filtration System for Chloramine Removal
Chloramine is a combination of chlorine and ammonia. Adding chloramine as a disinfectant to the water supply can increase exposure to lead in drinking water, especially in areas with older housing. This exposure can result in increased lead levels in the bloodstream and can pose a significant health risk. An activated carbon filter that aids in chloramine reduction is a wise investment.
There is also evidence that exposure to chloramines can contribute to respiratory problems, including asthma. The AquaOx systems with activated carbon filters can remove the harmful chloramine from your city water and keep your body going strong.
Does Boiling Water Remove Chloramine?
As we know, chloramine stays in the water for longer periods compared to chlorine. Therefore, chloramine just doesn’t evaporate from water even when left in the open air for a couple of days. Boiling may work, but the process is too slow. You would need to brew the water for at least an hour for chloramine reduction.
This means chloramine removal through boiling takes 10 times more than chlorine reduction. However, the water will be safe for consumption after boiling. Granular activated carbon or gac filter systems are much more effective in removing chloramine.
Chloramine Filter Overview
You can even consider one of the following chlorinated water filters to remove toxic metal and volatile organic compounds.
Catalytic Carbon Filters
The best shower filter uses catalytic carbon to remove harmful chemicals from the shower water. The altered electronic structure of the carbon breaks down both chlorine forms for better water quality. Catalytic carbon is generally used in whole-house filters.
Activated Carbon Filters
The gac carbon media adsorbs chlorine components and disinfection byproducts to remove water hardness. However, the carbon filter media becomes ineffective for chloramine as it requires extensive contact time.
Reverse Osmosis Filter
The RO process alone doesn’t remove chloramines, but the reverse osmosis system contains a sediment filter for effective results. The clean water production cycle is too slow, which means water and its contaminants interact with the carbon membrane for a long time. The activated carbon filter removes chlorine and other chemical residues only if the water flow rate is slow.
Brita Filters
Brita filters remove chloramine, lead, and other contaminants by using carbon filtration processes. When the water passes through carbon membrane, it adsorbs chlorine molecules and other organisms, making your water taste and smell fresher.
About Chlordane
From The Agency of Toxic Substances and Disease Registry
Chlordane is a man-made chemical that was used as a pesticide in the United States from 1948 to 1988. It is sometimes referred to by the trade names Octachlor® and Velsicol 1068®. It is a thick liquid whose color ranges from colorless to amber, depending on its purity. It may have no smell or a mild, irritating smell. We do not know what it tastes like. Chlordane is not a single chemical, but is a mixture of many related chemicals, of which about 10 are major components. Some of the major components are trans-chlordane, cis-chlordane, beta-chlordene, heptachlor, and trans-nonachlor. Chlordane does not dissolve in water. Therefore, before it can be used as a spray, it must be placed in water with emulsifiers (soap-like substances), which results in a milky-looking mixture.
From 1983 until 1988, chlordane’s only approved use was to control termites in homes. The pesticide was applied underground around the foundation of homes. When chlordane is used in the soil around a house, it kills termites that come into contact with it.
Before 1978, chlordane was also used as a pesticide on agricultural crops, lawns, and gardens and as a fumigating agent. Because of concerns over cancer risk, evidence of human exposure and build up in body fat, persistence in the environment, and danger to wildlife, the EPA canceled the use of chlordane on food crops and phased out other above-ground uses over the next 5 years. In 1988, when the EPA canceled chlordane’s use for controlling termites, all approved use of chlordane in the United States stopped.
Need a water filter that will remove this? Checkout our whole house water filters.
Got Chlorine In Your Water? We Remove That.
The AquaOx Removes Chlorine
Chlorine is a toxic gas that irritates the respiratory system. In its liquid and solid form, it is used as a bleaching and disinfecting agent. Chlorine is added to many municipal water systems as a disinfectant. Chlorine can react with other materials present in water and may generate disinfection by-products that can damage human health. The AquaOx whole house water filter can remove the harmful chlorine from your water and keep your body going strong.
Chlorine is one of the biggest household air pollutants. When you take a shower the chlorine is released into the air for you to breath Not to mention you will absorb more chlorine in a 5-minute shower than you can drink all day. TTHM’s (trihalomethanes) are a cancer-causing carcinogen that is created when chlorine comes in contact with bacteria or other living organisms in the water on it’s way to your house. It kills it but is is not removed from the water. This is what you do not want to ingest.
Chlorine Water Filter Overview
*NOTE: Not all water contains all contaminants discussed. No water purifying system can remove 100% of every contaminant. If you have a concern about a specific contaminant, please contact us.
Water purity is the most important for homeowners. It touches every area of our lives.
For homeowners, a system that treats all of the water in the entire house is by far the best choice.
Since treating all the water that comes into your home is no easy task, you need to invest in a filtration system that effectively traps and gets rid of contaminants.
Unlike conventional systems that call for heavy maintenance and replacements of a filter cartridge, AquaOx’s filter uses a backflush system that lowers lifetime costs. The backwashing process involves the reversing of the flow of water to access the bottom of the filter beds. Backwashing triggers a cleaning process by lifting and rinsing the filter beds (filter medium) as the water passes through the bottom going to the top of the filter tank.
The maintenance process reduces the maintenance cost as it decreases the need to buy new filter cartridges for the system.
Contaminant Exposure
Chlorine and other contaminants in the water we bathe and drink may have short-term and long-term effects on our health. The purpose of filter systems in our homes is to reduce any contaminants present in the water. Our chlorine filter provides clean and clear water to every faucet in your home on a daily basis.
Constant exposure to chlorine, aluminum, sulfur and other elements in the water used for drinking, bathing, cooking, and washing of clothes will have adverse effects on your health. Although water is filtered at the municipal level before it goes into your home, the chlorine and aluminum from the water source is not removed at that level. These contaminants should be removed before being used and consumed.
Fortunately, our water filtration systems reduce the level of toxins in the water. Tap water toxins include lead, copper, iron, hydrogen sulfide, and arsenic.
Aside from harmful contaminants, disease-causing microorganisms such as bacteria, viruses, and parasites are found in some water sources. Without human intervention, these microorganisms can cause disease through the use and consumption of water. The sediment pre-filter catches and eliminates these bad microorganisms before they get into your pipelines.
Multiple filtration phases improve the quality and taste of the water.
Are You Allergic To Your Water?
If you are experiencing allergy symptoms check your water for allergens. Chlorine and other toxins in our tap water may contribute to a high histamine load in some people.
Tap water is also used for washing clothes, cleaning the car, and washing kitchen utensils aside from its body hydration purposes. Washing clothes with tap water may start the symptoms of your allergies.
Chlorine caught in the clothes after washing may irritate the skin and the respiratory tract. Most of the time, we don’t expect allergens from the water because of the misconception that allergies are triggered by food, pollen, dust and other common allergens. With our chlorine reduction system, you can have a peace of mind knowing you and your family are safe from allergens.
Clean Smelling Water
Whether your water smells like a rotten egg or not, you need to make sure it is safe for you and your kids to drink. Drinking impure water may cause health problems in the long run. Impurities in the water will affect the health of the people living in the house, as well as the pets. A filtration system purifies and turns the water that flows through every faucet pristine and safe for drinking.
When connected to the main line, our system treats all the water that enters your house.
What Size Filter Do You Need?
The size of a person’s home plays a vital role in choosing the perfect filter system. Inaccurately sized filters will decrease water pressure while an oversized filtration is expensive and unnecessary. So, finding the right size is what you need for your home. There are different ways to get an idea of what size of water filter would fit your filtration needs. The number of bathrooms, square footage of the house, and the number of faucets will give you an idea on the correct size.
Installation
- 1. The first step in the installation process is to survey your area to find out the point of entry of the main water line, the drainage line, and an electrical outlet for the filter.
- 2. You need to have Teflon tape to ensure tight and leak-free valves and filter tanks.
- 3. The next step is to connect proper fittings to the two side’s inward and outward arrow of the by-pass valve.
- 4. Open the bypass valve by turning both knobs in a clockwise motion.
- 5. Attach the pre-sediment filter in the cut-off and connect to the inward arrow.
- 6. Install a hose bib to the line with an outward arrow.
- 7. Then, install another cut-off that will be connected to the main water line of the house.
- 8. Once installed, follow the instruction manual on how to get the filter media started.
Small Size
The best thing about our filter system is that it fits in closets and garages. Sometimes, the reason why most customers stay away from these systems is that of the unpleasant view they create in the house.
The good thing about the equipment is it is small enough to be hidden from sight. If you want to maintain the beauty of your home while enjoying protection from water contaminants, then AquaOx’s filter is the best option.
Don’t Filter Essential Nutrients!!!
While the filtration process cleans the passing water through the main line, essential minerals are left to preserve its great taste.
Additionally, our body benefits from the good minerals we get from drinking water. Since AquaOx does not mess with the beneficial minerals, you can rest assured your body isn’t deprived of the positive things while eliminating all the bad ones.
Our system doesn’t affect the pH level to avoid pH fluctuations that can be bad for your health and budget (pipe repairs). While small fluctuation in pH level isn’t harmful to your health, consistent spikes can be detrimental. Because you want what’s best for your family, you will spend just to make sure you have a safe and acceptable pH level. Our filtration system makes sure you keep both your physical and financial health in check.
Longer Appliance Lifespan
Another benefit you don’t want to miss when you get a water filter system is the extended life of your dishwasher. Upon its installation in your home, you will quickly notice an improvement in the water used for the cleaning and washing of dishes. When you screen and eliminate impurities, your water improves the efficiency of your dishwasher. Thus extending the life of your equipment.
According to research, scale building up in the pipelines makes it more difficult for your dishwasher and other types of equipment that use water. Aside from regular cleaning of the dishwasher to preserve its condition and improve its life, filtration helps improve the performance of the water-using appliances. Another improvement you’ll notice when your filtration system is up and running is the lessened spotting on the silverware and glassware. The culprit behind watermarks on our glassware and silverware are the scale deposits in the water. Once you have AquaOx installed, you will see the improvements in your cleaning performance.
Just like with dishwashers, washing machines also benefit from a filter system. Since filters purify the water passing through the pipelines throughout the house, impurities that can damage our appliances are eliminated in the filtration process. Most of us are worried about the harmful elements in the water that can create chronic health issues. We often overlook the importance of clean water for our appliances. With AquaOx’s design, your water-using appliances are safe and secured for the long haul. Water impurities are also harsh to your clothes. So keeping impurities out of the water line improves the longevity of our clothes.
Although rust in the water is not a definite sign of health hazard, quick action is required to improve water quality and condition. According to the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), the limits for iron in our drinking water are based on taste, smell, and color. While addressing iron is not due to safety concerns, mostly everyone will not drink water with a bad taste, odor, and color. If your water source contains high levels of iron, AquaOx filter system can remove rust with high efficiency. The filter tanks catch rust and other harmful elements before they reach the faucets in your home. Although not all water sources contain contaminants, use a reliable system in case you have rust problems. The reason why I said to use a reliable one is that some filtration systems do not efficiently get rid of rust and other contaminants.
Activated charcoal is a prime material used in our system. The reason why we use activated charcoal is due to its effectiveness in removing toxins. As a natural filter, the filter media does not have chemical compounds that can strip off salts and minerals in the water. Some filters remove the “important stuff” in the water that is healthy for the human body. Activated charcoal makes the water healthier by improving its quality and taste. As a filtration media, activated charcoal is cheaper without sacrificing its performance as a filter. The medium is also a lot easier to clean and maintain compared to other media used in other water filters. There are many good reasons why the use of activated charcoal in most filtration systems is popular nowadays.
If you are hesitant to use AquaOx’s filter since you already have a Reverse Osmosis system, you can set up and run the filtration equipment with RO. Our filter can remove many of the larger impurities before it gets to your RO system, lengthening the filter life of your RO system and helping you reach a higher level of water purity. Since our system addresses most of your water concerns, you can skip the installation of RO. However, if you want to use Reverse Osmosis, you can do so since there will be no complications between the two systems.
Additional Bacteria Filter Available
Water from wells usually comes with bacteria that can be harmful to our health as well as to our loved ones. There are many potential contaminants in well-water that can have adverse impacts on our health. Regular intake of water with radionuclides can cause health problems such as kidney diseases and increase the risk of cancer. Before your drink water from the well, it is important to get it checked to ensure clean and safe drinking water. AquaOx offers a disinfection filter that kills 99.9% of bacteria and viruses present in well-water. Take adequate measure in eliminating viruses and bacteria to avoid health problems caused by bad microorganisms in your drinking water. Our disinfection filter takes care of the bad guys to keep you healthy and happy.
AquaOx achieves excellent purification results through a proven, efficient filtration and anti-bacterial process. For its cost, you get high-quality filtration with zero maintenance and peace of mind to go along with healthier water for drinking, cleaning, cooking, and washing purposes.
Purchase and install AquaOx’s filter system and never look back. We promise great results because what we have is proven and tested to the highest standard.
contact us today, and learn more about our amazing product!
AquaOx Removes These Elements And More
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Water Filters
AquaOx Whole House Water Filter
$3,499.00 – $4,999.00 Select options This product has multiple variants. The options may be chosen on the product page
Chlorine Dioxide In Water Treatment
What is Chlorine Dioxide Gas?
Chlorine dioxide is a popular chemical compound used as an oxidizing agent in bleaching and water treatment. The substance is yellowish to green in color with a strong odor. It is used as a disinfectant and an oxidant in drinking water treatment.
This chemical substance is considered one of the more effective chemicals for the control of waterborne pathogens. However, it has its disadvantages when used in potable water treatment.
What Is The Process to Produce Chlorine Dioxide?
Chlorine dioxide is formulated as a volatile gas that must be produced on-site with sophisticated chemical-generation equipment. This is a complicated industrial process involving the dissolution of chlorate ions in a sulfuric acid solution.
For point-of-use treatment of water, chlorine dioxide is produced on-site from the reaction of sodium chlorite with acid.
Disinfection byproducts, including chlorite and chlorite ions, form when chlorine dioxide reacts with dissolved organic compounds in water treatment systems.
Chlorite ions can easily move into groundwater since they are mobile in water. This can lead to unpleasant tastes in water but rarely poses a public health risk.
Chlorine Dioxide Use
Chlorine gas is a severe eye irritant that can cause severe headaches and other harmful effects. It can even be fatal at high doses for most animals. But at low levels, chlorine dioxide is a powerful disinfectant that is used in bleaching, water chlorination, and other disinfection treatment, as well as industrial and medical applications.
Chlorine Dioxide Water Treatment
Chlorine dioxide disinfection is used to disinfect water in the public drinking water supply. At low concentrations, chlorine dioxide kills bacteria, other microorganisms, and other contaminants in water, making it safe to drink.
Since human health is so dependent on a steady supply of clean drinking water, this process is a key component in improving water quality and effective public health administration.
Paper Processing
In the paper industry, chlorine dioxide is a key component used to chemically process and bleach wood pulp. The chlorine ions combine with the chemical elements in the wood to create high-quality, bright pulp.
Chlorine dioxide is used in other process streams involving wastewater and sludge as well.
Medical and Laboratory Equipment
Chlorine gas is highly effective as a sterilant to sterilize syringes and complex medical equipment. Chlorine dioxide is also sold as a pseudomedicine to treat a wide range of diseases. It is sold as a magic cure in today’s market. Unfortunately, the FDA has warned against the use of chlorine dioxide as a medicine for various diseases.
How Does Chlorine Dioxide Get into Your Drinking Water?
Chlorine dioxide production mostly occurs to use as a disinfectant and oxidant in drinking water treatment. The water additive is used to control bad microorganisms in drinking water. Chlorine dioxide is also added to water to control its taste and odor.
How Common is Chlorine Dioxide in Water Treatment?
The chemical compound can be found in most treated water systems since it is used in the process of disinfecting drinking water. Chlorine Dioxide water treatment is quite common in most water systems to control microbes and other harmful byproducts in drinking water. In fact, chlorine dioxide use is a standard practice in every municipality in the United States.
What are the Health Risks Associated with Chlorine Dioxide in Drinking Water?
Exposure to chlorine dioxide from the consumption of chlorinated drinking water may lead to the development of nervous system problems. Pregnant women, infants, and young children are prone to health problems associated with chlorine dioxide. Individuals who consumed chlorinated drinking water above the EPA’s contamination level standards for a long time may experience anemia.
What is the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) Contamination Level Standards for Chlorine Dioxide in Drinking Water?
The MRDLG and MRDL for chlorine dioxide in drinking water is set by the EPA at 0.8 mg/L or 800 ppb.
What is the Best Reduction Media for Removing Chlorine Dioxide from Drinking Water?
The control of treatment and disinfection processes will greatly reduce the contamination level to below the EPA’s drinking water standards. Additionally, the installation of water filter systems can significantly remove the disinfection byproduct from your drinking water.
An AquaOx whole house water filter system can eliminate chlorine dioxide and other water additives from tap water. If you want to protect your family from the health risks associated with contaminants in your drinking water, install a good water filter system today!
From The Agency of Toxic Substances and Disease Registry
CAS#: 10049-04-4 (Chlorine Dioxide); 7758-19-2 (Chlorite)
Chlorine dioxide is a yellow to reddish-yellow gas that can decompose rapidly in air. Because it is a hazardous gas, chlorine dioxide is always made at the location where it is used. This chemical compound is used as a bleach at pulp mills, which make paper and paper products, and in public water-treatment facilities, to make water safe for drinking. It has also been used to decontaminate public buildings.
The gas known as chlorine dioxide is soluble in water and will react rapidly with other compounds. When it reacts in water, chlorine dioxide forms chlorite ion, which is also a very reactive chemical. Because chlorine dioxide is very reactive, it is able to kill bacteria and microorganisms in water.
About 5% of large water-treatment facilities (serving more than 100,000 persons) in the United States use chlorine dioxide to treat drinking water. An estimated 12 million persons may be exposed in this way to chlorine dioxide and chlorite ions. In communities that use chlorine dioxide to treat drinking water, chlorine dioxide and its by-product, chlorite ions, may be present at low levels in tap water.
In this profile, the term “chlorite” will be used to refer to “chlorite ion,” which is a water-soluble ion. Chlorite ions can combine with metal ions to form solid salts (e.g., sodium chlorite). Sodium chlorite dissolves in water and forms chlorite ions and sodium ions. More than 80% of all chlorite (present as sodium chlorite) is used to make chlorine dioxide to disinfect drinking water. Sodium chlorite is also used as a disinfectant to kill germs.
Sodium Chlorite Water Purification
About Chlorite
Chlorine dioxide is a yellowish-green to reddish gas with an irritating odor that is water soluble and used in some water treatment plants. Chlorine dioxide reacts quickly when exposed to water, killing bacteria and producing by products.
Chlorite Ion is a compound with chlorine in oxidation state +3.
Chlorine Dioxide is a hazardous gas, so it is produced on location when needed for a process, such as paper making or water purification. When chlorine dioxide is used in water, Chlorite ion is a byproduct of that process. Chlorite is then present in small amounts in the tap water of cities that use chlorine dioxide in their water purification process.
How Does Chlorine Dioxide Gas Form Chlorite?
Also known as salts of chlorous acid, the chemical compound is a disinfection byproduct that occurs when chlorine dioxide breaks down during the chlorination process.
The water soluble gas form of chlorine dioxide is used in about 5% of water treatment plants in the United States. The chemical reaction between chlorine dioxide and water kills any bacteria and microorganisms in the water, but also produces chlorite ions and sodium ions as byproducts of the reaction.
Sodium Chlorite vs Sodium Chloride
Sodium Chlorite, also known as chlorous acid, sodium salt textone, and the “Miracle Mineral Solution,” is a toxic chemical used to disinfect and purify. It is used in the production of chlorine dioxide. One of the scary things about Sodium Chlorite is that it has been touted as a miracle health cure in the past, with nasty results of making many people sick and requiring the FDA to step in and try to save lives. If you’ve heard of people “drinking bleach”, these products would be why.
To make matters even more complicated, there’s only one letter difference between the toxic chemical disinfectant and common table salt. Sodium chloride (NaCl) is common table salt, but it is spelled with a D and not a T. Drinking salt water may improve your health – drinking bleaching agents will not.
Sodium Chlorite vs. Sodium Chlorate
Not to make things even more complicated, but it does actually get more confusing.
Let’s Recap:
Sodium Chlorite = Used to produce chlorine dioxide, which is a bleaching agent.
Sodium Chloride = table salt.
Sodium ChlorATE = Used to produce chlorine dioxide.
Only one of these is considered safe to consume.
It’s worth noting that sodium chlorite solutions are available for sale as water purification drops to add to any water you may feel as been contaminated. Using a sodium chlorite solution in drinking water as you travel is a commonly accepted way to avoid bacteria contamination.
With these options, you must be extremely careful to dilute solutions to the specified amounts. Chlorine dioxide treatment is also available as a drinking water disinfectant for camping and backpacking in an emergency.
What Types of Industrial Uses Does it Have?
Sodium chlorite is the most significant commercial chlorite used as a disinfectant and in the production of paper. It is used in the creation of chlorine dioxide for bleaching and disinfection.
Chlorite is an essential compound for disinfection at municipal water treatment plants. Unlike other chlorine used in water treatment, sodium chlorite is FDA approved.
How Does Chlorite Get into Your Drinking Water
Chlorite ion, like most chlorine compounds, is a disinfection byproduct in most municipal water systems.
To generate potable water in mass, water disinfection uses chemical technology to kill bacteria.
In general, the trace amounts of by products such as chlorite ions are not considered to have much of a negative environmental impact, and the concentrations allowed by the CDC and EPA are not considered to have negative health effects.
The principal methods of water purification used in the united states do, however, leave by products in the water that are known to have toxic effects if exposure reaches certain limits. These limits are set by studies showing major health issues like cancers and birth defects – but the symptoms that are not traced are the ones that build up over subsequent years of ongoing exposure.
What are the Health Effects Associated with Chlorite?
Drinking chlorite-contaminated water above the maximum contamination level (MCL) may have adverse effects on the nervous system of younger people and infants. Exposure to high levels of chlorite in drinking water may also affect the development of the fetus during pregnancy.
Chlorite may also cause people to experience anemia if exposed to large quantities of the compound for longer periods.
How Common is Chlorite in Water?
Just like with other chlorine, chlorite is a disinfection byproduct found in treated water systems. The chlorination process produces chlorite, and the residue remains in the water until it is removed.
What is the EPA’s Contamination Level Standards for Chlorite in Drinking Water?
The MCLG for chlorite in drinking water is set at 0.80 mg/L or 800 ppb. The EPA’s MCL is at 1.0 mg/L or 1 ppm.
What is the Best Reduction Media for Removing Chlorite from Drinking Water?
Modern water filtration systems are designed to remove the new generation of contaminants in tap water. Chlorite and other chemical compounds are removed from drinking water with the use of filter media like granular activated carbon (GAC).
An AquaOx filter system is equipped with premium activated carbon to eliminate contaminants from your drinking water. Keep the family safe by installing a whole house water filter system today!
| Chemical Names: | CHLORITE; Chlorite ion; Chlorite(1-); 14998-27-7; Chlorine dioxide ion(1-); Dioxidochlorate |
|---|---|
| Molecular Formula: | ClO2– |
| Molecular Weight: | 67.448 g/mol |
| InChI Key: | QBWCMBCROVPCKQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M |
| Substance Registry: | FDA UNII |
The chlorite ion is ClO2-. A chlorite (compound) is a compound that contains this group, with chlorine in oxidation state +3. Chlorites are also known as salts of chlorous acid.
Source: Human Metabolome Database (HMDB)
Record Name: Chlorite
URL: http://www.hmdb.ca/metabolites/HMDB0002077
Description: The Human Metabolome Database (HMDB) is a freely available electronic database containing detailed information about small molecule metabolites found in the human body.
CHLORITES, INORGANIC, N.O.S. is a crystalline solids or aqueous solutions of these solids. Solids are likely to be water soluble and are denser than water.
Source: CAMEO Chemicals
URL: https://cameochemicals.noaa.gov/chemical/2866
About Chlorobenzene
What is Chlorobenzene?
Chlorobenzene is a colorless organic compound with an almond-like odor. The substance is flammable and soluble in most organic solvents. The chemical formula for chlorobenzene is C6H5CI. It is commonly used as an intermediate in the production of other chemicals.
What Types of Industrial Uses Does it Have?
The primary use for the substance is as an intermediate for the manufacturing of other chemicals like pesticides, rubber, and dyestuffs. Chlorobenzene is also used as a solvent for different products including drugs, paints, adhesives, and dry cleaning.
How Does Chlorobenzene Get into Your Drinking Water?
The principal cause of drinking water contamination is the discharge of the substance from agricultural and chemical factories near water systems. Runoff due to heavy rainfall also contributes to the contamination of water systems.
What are the Health Risks Associated with Chlorobenzene?
The consumption of chlorobenzene-contaminated drinking water may result in health problems with the liver and kidneys. Exposure to high levels of chlorobenzene may affect the nervous system of an individual.
How Common is Chlorobenzene in Water?
The substance is common in water systems near agricultural and chemical factories that are using the chemical compound in their operation.
What is the EPA’s Contamination Level Standards for Chlorobenzene in Drinking Water?
The EPA’s drinking water regulations for chlorobenzene is at 0.1 mg/L or 100 ppb. Any reading above the MCLG and MCL must be taken seriously to prevent the health risks associated with chlorobenzene-contaminated drinking water.
What is the Best Reduction Media for Removing Chlorobenzene from Drinking Water?
Packed tower aeration is an effective water treatment method for removing chlorobenzene. The use of this water purification methodology in combination with granular activated carbon can remove the pollutant to below 0.1 mg/L or 100 ppb. AquaOx’s multistage water filter systems can safely remove chlorobenzene and other chemicals from your drinking water. Get a water filter today and enjoy the health benefits of safe and clean drinking water!
From The Agency of Toxic Substances and Disease Registry
Chlorobenzene is a colorless liquid with an almondlike odor. The compound does not occur widely in nature, but is manufactured for use as a solvent (a substance used to dissolve other substances) and is used in the production of other chemicals. Chlorobenzene persists in soil (several months), in air (3.5 days), and water (less than 1 day).
For more information, contact:
Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry
Division of Toxicology and Human Health Sciences
1600 Clifton Road NE, Mailstop F-57
Atlanta, GA 30333
Phone: 1-800-CDC-INFO · 888-232-6348 (TTY)
ATSDR can also tell you the location of occupational and environmental health clinics. These clinics specialize in recognizing, evaluating, and treating illnesses resulting from exposure to hazardous substances.
About Chromium (organic complexes)
What is Chromium?
Chromium is the first element in Group 6 in the periodic table of elements. The chemical part is a steely-grey metal with the symbol Cr and atomic number 24. It is a tasteless and odorless metallic element found naturally in soil, rock, plants, animals, humans, and volcanic dust. Trivalent chromium and hexavalent chromium are chromium compounds found in natural waters in the environment. The metal is an essential ingredient in stainless steel. It has a lustrous appearance with hard and brittle physical property. The name of the element was derived from the Greek word chroma which means color since most chromium compounds have intense colors. Chromium is highly valued for its ability to resist corrosion and hardness.
Chromium compounds are used in a variety of industries since its discovery in ancient times. The chemical element was initially used as a pigment and eventually as a coating on the bronze tips of ancient weapons. Ferrochromium alloy is a mineral valued for its use in the production of high-quality steel. An essential nutrient in humans for insulin, sugar, and lipid metabolism, the trivalent chromium (Cr(III)) ion is recognized as a non-toxic form of chromium. Hexavalent chromium compounds are toxic and genotoxic carcinogens found in the environment. It can be found in drinking water and public water systems. Drinking chromium 6-contaminated water can cause health effects.
What Types of Industrial Uses Does it Have?
Chromium compounds are mainly used in the creation of metal alloys. 85% of chromium compounds are used in the production of corrosion resistant steel. The other uses for chromium are in the foundry, chemical, and refractory industries. Chromium compounds are also used as magnetic compounds in the manufacturing of magnetic tape. They are also necessary ingredients in the production of the metal polish green rouge. The mineral is a conventional wood preservative and catalyst. It is also used in the tanning of leather materials.
How Does Chromium Get into Your Drinking Water?
Both chromium-3 and chromium-6 are naturally occurring chromium compounds found in the environment from the erosion of rocks with the chromium element and in the soil. They are both present in natural waters and may be found in your drinking water. The toxic hexavalent chromium or chromium-6 may come from chromium production sites through improper waste management, discharges, and the lack of environmental cleanup. The carcinogen can also get into your drinking water when the chemical element is stored poorly in the warehouse of industrial companies near water supply sites.
What are the Health Risks Associated with Chromium in Drinking Water?
Since chromium-3 is an essential nutrient in humans, the chemical compound has a low toxicity level if consumed at low levels of concentration. However, it may be a cause for concern if the levels of concentration of chromium-3 are very high. On the other hand, chromium-6 poses potential health risks due to its toxicity. Chronic exposure to contaminated water may increase the risk of acquiring and experiencing allergic dermatitis. When ingested, the chemical element can be carcinogenic to humans and will likely increase the chances of getting cancer. The carcinogen can cause several adverse health effects including vomiting, abdominal pain, reproductive issues, kidney and liver damages, convulsion, and ulcers. The EPA advises the public to stop the use and drinking of contaminated water until it is reduced to the accepted MCL standard to avoid its health risks.
How Many American Households are Affected by Chromium-6 in Their Drinking Water?
The Environmental Protection Agency or EPA has monitored one of the almost 5,000 public water systems contaminated with a level of chromium in excess of EPA’s standard. Although in low levels, the chemical element is still present in many American households today.
Is Chromium-6 Common in Well Water?
Since the chemical compound is found in natural waters in the environment in plant materials, rocks, and soil, the byproduct of the mineral is quite common in well waters across the country. Private wells near factories using the chemical are prone to leakage and runoff. Since millions of US residents are drinking well water, either from municipal or private sources, there’s a high chance of Americans exposed to chromium-6 in their drinking water. If you rely on your deep well for drinking water, it is essential to check your feed water on a regular basis to avoid ingesting the contaminant.
What is the EPA’s Standards for Chromium in Drinking Water?
Both chromium-3 and chromium-6 are covered in the same EPA standard of 0.1 mg/L or 100 parts per billion. The set rules for the contaminant ensures US residents avoid the potential health risks of drinking the compound in water.
What is the Best Reduction Media for Removing Chromium from Drinking Water?
Reverse Osmosis or RO is an effective water filtration system to remove the contaminant from drinking water. The system is designed to force water through a semipermeable membrane while blocking larger ions such as chromium and other chemical elements from passing through. RO systems in homes or point-of-use systems are capable of removing the pollutant from your feed water.
If you are concerned about the presence of chromium-6 in your drinking water, AquaOx’s water filtration system is designed to eliminate chemical contaminants and floating impurities with a high success rate. The product can be installed and hidden near the kitchen sink. Provide the necessary protection for your family today and keep them safe with a reliable water filter system! contact us now, and we will help you shield your loved ones from potential contaminants.
Source: https://www.epa.gov/dwstandardsregulations/chromium-drinking-water
Water-soluble, Werner-type chromium complexes of carboxylic acids, which can be used to modify the surface characteristics of many substrates, were developed from the reaction products of chromyl chloride and various organic materials. Typical complexes are Quilon chrome complex (chromium complexes of stearic or myristic acid), used as a water repellent and release agent; Volan (methacrylato chromic chloride), used as a coupling agent in various reinforced plastic laminates; p-aminobenzoato chromic chloride, used as an ultraviolet screener; and p-nitrobenzoato chromic chloride, used as an anti-static agent. The chemistry of chromium complexes of carboxylic acids, methods of manufacture and application, and various uses are discussed.
About Dalapon
Dalapon is a colorless liquid used to control specific annual and perennial grasses including Bermuda grass and cattails. The chemical is known for its acrid odor. It is sold in the market either as sodium or magnesium salt. Unlike other plant growth regulator and herbicide, it targets certain plants and leaves the non-target weeds.
What Types of Industrial Uses Does It Have
Dalapon is widely used as an herbicide to manage target grasses in lawns and other non-crop applications. The chemical is often used to regulate the growth of weeds in a wide variety of crops including fruit-bearing trees, flax, alfalfa, asparagus, sugar beets, sugarcane, peas, carrots, potatoes, and coffee beans. Dalapon can be applied either before the target vegetation emerges or after it comes up.
How Does Dalapon Get Into Your Drinking Water
The most common way for Dalapon to get into your drinking water is through runoff from herbicide use in crop or non-crop applications. The release of chemicals from usage may affect the quality of drinking water due to runoff. Once it gets into contact with your feed water, the best thing to do is to remove the contaminant before it causes health problems to you and your family.
What are the Health Risks Associated with Dalapon
Acute exposure or exposure in a short period of time may cause skin and eye irritation, slow heartbeat, loss of appetite, gastrointestinal (GI) changes, and respiratory tract problems. Long-term exposure to high levels of Dalapon may cause minor kidney damages. Continuous consumption of Dalapon-contaminated water may also affect an individual’s respiratory tract. In extremely high doses, the chemical may have an adverse effect on the reproductive system of an individual. Fortunately, it does not affect fertility or reproduction at lower doses. Dalapon does not have any carcinogenic effects on the exposed individual.
What is the EPA’s Standards for Dalapon in Drinking Water
The US Congress passed the Safe Drinking Water Act in 1974 which requires the EPA to determine and regulate the level of contaminants in drinking water. In the case of Dapalon, the EPA’s Maximum Contaminant Level Goals or MCLG for the contaminant in drinking water is 0.2 mg/L or 200 ppb. Once the level of the contaminant in your feed water exceeds the EPA’s MCLG standards, you are prone to the health risks associated with Dalapon.
What Treatment is Recommended for Removing Dalapon from Drinking Water
There are a few ways to treat Dalapon-contaminated drinking water. According to the EPA, you can treat your water source or feed water containing below 0.2 mg/L or 200ppb of Dalapon with granular activated carbon (GAC). If the level of the contaminant is higher than EPA’s MCLG, then it would be best to contact professionals or your water provider to address the water issue. Water filtration systems eliminate pollutants before they reach your faucet.
AquaOx’s whole house water filter system removes the contaminant with success to keep your family safe and protected. With its automatic backwash system, you can enjoy your drinking water with zero maintenance for the next 20 years. Install one today and maintain good water quality for your family to enjoy.
| Chemical Names: | 2,2-Dichloropropionic acid; DALAPON; 2,2-Dichloropropanoic acid; 75-99-0; Kenapon; Liropon |
|---|---|
| Molecular Formula: | C3H4Cl2O2 |
| Molecular Weight: | 142.963 g/mol |
| InChI Key: | NDUPDOJHUQKPAG-UHFFFAOYSA-N |
| Substance Registry: | FDA UNII |
| Safety Summary: | Laboratory Chemical Safety Summary (LCSS) |
2,2-DICHLOROPROPIONIC ACID is a colorless liquid. Soluble in water. Corrosive to metals and tissue. Used as a herbicide.
Source: CAMEO Chemicals
URL: https://cameochemicals.noaa.gov/chemical/21722
About Di(2-ethylhexyl)adipate
| Chemical Names: | BIS(2-ETHYLHEXYL) ADIPATE; 103-23-1; Di(2-ethylhexyl) adipate; DEHA; Di(2-ethylhexyl)adipate; Diethylhexyl adipate More… |
|---|---|
| Molecular Formula: | C22H42O4 |
| Molecular Weight: | 370.574 g/mol |
| InChI Key: | SAOKZLXYCUGLFA-UHFFFAOYSA-N |
| Safety Summary: | Laboratory Chemical Safety Summary (LCSS) |
Diethylhexyl adipate (DEHA) is an indirect food additive arising from contact with polymers and adhesives. DEHA is a plasticizer. DEHA is an ester of 2-ethylhexanol and adipic acid. Its chemical formula is C22H42O4.
Source: Human Metabolome Database (HMDB)
Record Name: Diethylhexyl adipate
URL: http://www.hmdb.ca/metabolites/HMDB0040270
Description: The Human Metabolome Database (HMDB) is a freely available electronic database containing detailed information about small molecule metabolites found in the human body.
BIS(2-ETHYLHEXYL) ADIPATE is a colorless to straw-colored liquid with a mild odor. Floats on water. (USCG, 1999)
Source: CAMEO Chemicals
Record Name: BIS(2-ETHYLHEXYL) ADIPATE
URL: https://cameochemicals.noaa.gov/chemical/8580
About Di(2ethylhexyl)phthalate
What is DEHP?
Also known as 1,2-benzenedicarboxylic acid, DOP, and diethylhexyl phthalate, Di(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate (DEHP) is one of the more popular organic compounds of the phthalate group. The chemical formula for DEHP is C6H4(CO2C8H17)2. It is a colorless and odorless chemical compound that is quickly soluble in oil but not in water. It is a common ingredient in the manufacturing of plastics for flexibility.
What Types of Industrial Uses Does it Have?
The main use of DEHP is as a plasticizer in the production of PVC products. It is added to plastics to add more flexibility to the finished products. Compared to other chemical compounds, DEHP is by far cheaper and more compatible as a plasticizer thanks to its suitable properties. The organic compound is also used as a replacement for PCBs in dielectric fluids in capacitors. DEHP is also produced as a solvent for glowsticks.
How Does DEHP Get into Your Drinking Water?
Since it is used as a plasticizer, the organic compound can be found everywhere in the environment. It can gradually leak into water systems from plastic products in the ground.
What are the Health Risks Associated with DEHP?
While there are no studies on human effects of DEHP, studies on rats exposed to high levels of the contaminant show damages to the liver, kidney, and reproductive system.
How Common is DEHP in Water?
DEHP is common in water since it is everywhere in the environment due to its use in plastics.
What is the EPA’s Contamination Level Standards for DEHP in Drinking Water?
The MCLG for the contaminant is zero, and the MCL is at 0.006 mg/L or 6 ppb.
What is the Best Reduction Media for Removing Di(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate (DEHP) from Drinking Water?
A water filter system that uses granular activated carbon (GAC) like AquaOx can remove DEHP to below 0.006 mg/L or 6 ppb from drinking water. It is a safe and effective way to keep your family safe from the health effects associated with DEHP-contaminated water.
From The Agency of Toxic Substances and Disease Registry
CAS ID #: 117-81-7
Affected Organ Systems: Reproductive (Producing Children)
Cancer Classification: NTP: Reasonably anticipated to be a human carcinogen
Please contact NTP, IARC, or EPA’s IRIS Hotline with questions on cancer and cancer classification.
Chemical Classification: Phthalates
Summary: Di(2-ethylhexyl) phthlate (DEHP) is a manufactured chemical that is commonly added to plastics to make them flexible. DEHP is a colorless liquid with almost no odor. DEHP is present in plastic products such as wall coverings, tablecloths, floor tiles, furniture upholstery, shower curtains, garden hoses, swimming pool liners, rainwear, baby pants, dolls, some toys, shoes, automobile upholstery and tops, packaging film and sheets, sheathing for wire and cable, medical tubing, and blood storage bags.
About Dibromochloromethane
From The Agency of Toxic Substances and Disease Registry
Bromoform (also known as tribromomethane) and dibromochloromethane are colorless to yellow, heavy, nonburnable liquids with a sweetish odor. These chemicals are possible contaminants of drinking water that has been chlorinated to kill bacteria and viruses that could cause serious waterborne infectious diseases. Bromoform and dibromochloromethane may form when chlorine reacts with other naturally occurring substances in water, such as decomposing plant material. Plants in the ocean also produce small amounts of these chemicals.
These chemicals are found mainly in water that originally came from surface sources, such as rivers and lakes. Springs and deep drilled wells usually contain very little of the substances that react with chlorine to form these chemicals; therefore, well and spring water is less likely a source of bromoform and dibromochloromethane than water from a reservoir (artificial lake). The amount of bromoform and dibromochloromethane in drinking water can change considerably from day to day, depending on the source, temperature, amount of plant material in the water, amount of chlorine added, and a variety of other factors.
In the past, bromoform was used by industry to dissolve dirt and grease and to make other chemicals. It was also used in the early part of this century as a medicine to help children with whooping cough get to sleep. Currently, bromoform is only produced in small amounts for use in laboratories and in geological and electronics testing. Dibromochloromethane was used in the past to make other chemicals such as fire extinguisher fluids, spray can propellants, refrigerator fluid, and pesticides. It is now only used on a small scale in laboratories.
In the environment, bromoform and dibromochloromethane are not found as pure liquids, but instead, they are found either dissolved in water or evaporated into air as a gas. Both bromoform and dibromochloromethane are relatively stable in the air, but reactions with other chemicals in the air cause them to break down slowly (about 50% in 1 or 2 months). Bromoform and dibromochloromethane in water or soil may also be broken down by bacteria, but the speed of this process is not known.
For more information, contact:
Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry
Division of Toxicology and Human Health Sciences
1600 Clifton Road NE, Mailstop F-57
Atlanta, GA 30333
Phone: 1-800-CDC-INFO · 888-232-6348 (TTY)
ATSDR can also tell you the location of occupational and environmental health clinics. These clinics specialize in recognizing, evaluating, and treating illnesses resulting from exposure to hazardous substances.
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About Dichloroacetic Acid
DCA Chemical In Drinking Water
The synthetic chemical dichloroacetate, sometimes known as DCA, is employed in medicine and cosmetics. Commercially, it can be purchased as a cauterizing agent, which causes skin burns.
A Canadian study that revealed Dichloroacetate (DCA) could stop cancer progression in some cases led to the drug’s rise to popularity in 2007.
Despite some experimental treatments producing intriguing outcomes, DCA has not yet been established to be safe or useful for treating cancer.
About Dichloroacetic Acid
Dichloroacetic acid (DCA), with a molecular weight of 128.936 g/mol, is a chemical compound having the formula CHCl2COOH. Because two of the three hydrogen atoms in the methyl group are replaced with chlorine atoms, it is an acid that is comparable to acetic acid. It has a variety of real-world uses.
Dichloroacetates are the names for dichloroacetic acid salts and esters. Salts of DCA have been studied as possible drugs due to their capacity to inhibit the pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase enzyme.
In vitro and animal studies have shown that DCA can delay the growth of some cancers. However, as of 2012, there was insufficient data to justify using DCA as a cancer treatment.
What is Dichloroacetic Acid?
Also known as bichloroacetic acid (BCA), dichloroacetic acid (DCA) is a chemical compound which is an analog of acetic acid. DCA is one of the five haloacetic acids and a member of the chloroacetic acids family. It is an essential chemical compound in medical research, especially in cancer treatment. This type of chloroacetic acid is a trace product of the process of chlorination of drinking water.
How is Dichloroacetate (DCA) Used For Treatment of Cancer Cells?
In a 2007 study, Dr. Evangelos Michelakis used Dichloroacetate (DCA) to treat rats implanted with human cancer cells. The research revealed that DCA had no adverse effects on healthy cells while helping to eliminate malignant cells and reduce tumor size in the rats. Because cancer cells inhibit the mitochondria, which gives a cell its power, they are challenging to eradicate.
According to Michelakis’ research, DCA caused the cell’s mitochondria to reawaken. This technique destroyed the cancer cells. Michelakis claims that Dichloroacetate (DCA) is paving the path for creating more effective medications that activate mitochondria. In both vitro and in vivo settings, DCA can operate as a cytostatic agent without inducing apoptosis (programmed cell death).
According to more clinical trials, it is ineffective against some cancers, such colon cancer. In rare cases, it even accelerated the growth of specific malignancies. The DCA clinical trials with human participants was carried out in 2010. In these clinical trials, participants had glioblastomas, which are aggressive brain tumors.
Despite the encouraging results, the American Cancer Society does not advise individuals to use DCA as a substitute for conventional cancer treatment.
Before being suggested as a substitute for chemotherapy in cancer treatment, DCA will need additional time, investigation, and clinical trial data. Additionally, the FDA has not approved for it to be used as a cancer treatment. It is not advised to utilize Dichloroacetate (DCA) as a complementary cancer therapy until more study is conducted.
Side Effects of DCA Treatment for Cancer
According to several animal research, DCA itself can result in liver cancer. According to experience, DCA can be safely used in cancer patients when strictly supervised by a physician. Peripheral neuropathy can be avoided or lessened in intensity by taking acetyl L-carnitine, vitamin B1 (thiamine or benfotiamine), and R-alpha lipoic acid.
Hand tremors, sedation, memory issues, confusion, hallucinations, and mood swings are adverse reactions that seem to be dose- and age-dependent. Patients suffering from DCA induced neuropathy also express concerns regarding indigestion, nausea, vomiting, and heartburn.
Cancer Cell Proliferation
Cell proliferation is known as the rate at which a cancer cell divides into two cells and copies its DNA. A higher rate of cancer cell division indicates a more aggressive or quickly spreading form of the disease.
A Ki-67 test can gauge how quickly brain cancer cells are proliferating. Testing for the cell proliferation marker Ki-67 can sometimes be used to evaluate therapy outcomes or aid in treatment planning.
However, test outcomes may differ depending on several factors, including the lab performing the test, the test method, and the portion of the tumor is examined.
Cancer Cell Growth
Gene mutation in cancer cells can disrupt a cell’s ability to follow regular instructions, leading to uncontrolled tumor growth or failure to die. Cancer cells behave differently from healthy cells so that a tumor can spread.
Normal cells and cancer cells differ in that they:
- divide out of control,
- are immature and don’t develop into mature cells with specific jobs,
- avoid the immune system,
- ignore signals telling them to stop dividing or die when they should,
- stick together poorly,
- grow into and harm tissues and organs.
Tumor cells will develop and expand as cancer cells multiply. Normal and cancerous cells both require certain things. They need blood to carry oxygen and nutrients to grow and survive.
Because it receives nutrients and oxygen from surrounding blood arteries, tumor cells can overgrow.
What Types of Industrial Uses Does it Have?
The chemical compound is used as an intermediate in the synthesis of other organic materials. DCA is an essential ingredient in pharmaceuticals and medicines. It is also used in the manufacturing of fungicide and topical astringent.
How Does Dichloroacetic Acid Get into Your Drinking Water?
Dichloroacetic acid is a chloroacetic acid and one of the five haloacetic acids. It is a crucial chemical substance in medical research, particularly in the treatment of cancer. A minor byproduct of chlorinating drinking water is this specific form of chloroacetic acid.
Dichloroacetic acid can enter water systems through poor pharmaceutical factory waste disposal.
It can occur in water systems through the chlorination of drinking water, like other haloacetic acids (HAAs). When disinfectants like chlorine or chloramine are used to treat water, they react with the naturally existing organic and inorganic materials present in source waters to produce haloacetic acids.
What are the Health Risks Associated with Dichloroacetic Acid?
Although it is used as a therapeutic agent to treat diabetes, lactic acidosis, and familial hyperlipidemia, DCA in drinking water may cause health problems. Some of these help problems include issues during pregnancy, liver and kidney damages, breast cancer, reproductive difficulties, eyes and nerve problems, and an increased risk of getting cancer.
How Common is Dichloroacetic Acid in Water?
Chlorine is added to the drinking water supply to kill bacteria, which can leave traces of Dichloracetic Acid. Because this routinely occurs, the DCA chemical is common in municipal water as a trace product of the water chlorination.
What is the EPA’s Contamination Level Standards for Dichloroacetic Acid in Drinking Water?
The Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), engineers working with water, and professionals working in public health all employ many acronyms. It is understandable why so many people have trouble comprehending water quality reports or newly released regulations.
Maximum Contaminant Level Goal (MCLG)
Instead of being a regulatory standard, an MCLG is a non-binding public health aim. These objectives provide a margin of safety by limiting the amount of a pollutant in drinking water to a level that is not dangerous to human health. They do not consider the effectiveness of technology for detection and treatment. They can be set to levels that water treatment facilities cannot reach.
Maximum Contaminant Level
The Safe Drinking Water Act permits the safest concentration of a contaminant in drinkable water from public water systems, and this rule is known as the Maximum Contaminant Level (MCL).
Due to the following issues, the MCL may be greater than the MCLG value for a particular contaminant: difficulties in quantifying low levels, lack of treatment technology, and cost-effectiveness.
Maximum Contaminant Level Goal (MCLG) – The level of a contaminant in drinking water below which there is no known or expected risk to health. MCLGs allow for a margin of safety and are non-enforceable public health goals.
Maximum Contaminant Level (MCL) – The highest level of a contaminant that is allowed in drinking water. MCLs are set as close to MCLGs as feasible using the best available treatment technology and taking cost into consideration. MCLs are enforceable standard.
The EPA’s MCLG for Dichloroacetic Acid is zero. The MCL for the contaminant is 0.060 mg/L or 60 ppb.
What Is The Most Effective Way To Reduce Dichloroacetic Acid In Drinking Water?
While eliminating the pollutant’s source is the best approach to clean up your drinking water, water filter systems that use granular activated carbon can help reduce the amount of DCA present to levels below the EPA’s limits for contamination.
With the help of a DropConnect water filter, you can protect your family from dangerous chemical contaminants in tap water.
Activated carbon filters help in chlorination systems for water treatment. Carbon filters remove chlorine, chloramines, pesticides, herbicides, bad tastes and odors, and trihalomethanes.
Reverse osmosis systems and other under-sink filtering options can reduce the chlorine content of your drinking water.
You won’t smell as much chlorine when washing clothes, taking showers, drinking, or cooking, though, thanks to a whole-house filtering system.
The best strategy to lower chlorine levels in your house is to get a high-quality water filter. A water filter that effectively reduces chlorine taste and odor should pass the Water Quality Association’s testing and certification against CSA B483.1, NSF/ANSI Standard 372, and NSF/ANSI Standard 42.
| Chemical Names: | DICHLOROACETIC ACID; 2,2-Dichloroacetic acid; 79-43-6; Dichloracetic acid; Dichloroethanoic acid; Acetic acid, dichloro- |
|---|---|
| Molecular Formula: | C2H2Cl2O2 or CHCl2COOH |
| Molecular Weight: | 128.936 g/mol |
| InChI Key: | JXTHNDFMNIQAHM-UHFFFAOYSA-N |
| Drug Information: | Therapeutic Uses FDA UNII |
| Safety Summary: | Laboratory Chemical Safety Summary (LCSS) |
Dichloroacetic acid, often abbreviated DCA, is an acid analogue of acetic acid in which two of the three hydrogen atoms of the methyl group have been replaced by chlorine atoms. The salts and esters of dichloroacetic acid are called dichloroacetates. Salts of DCA are used as drugs since they inhibit the enzyme pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase. Early reports of its activity against brain cancer cells led patients to treat themselves with DCA, which is commercially available in non-pharmaceutical grade. A phase 1 study in 5 patients concluded that DCA was safe, but wasn’t designed to establish effectiveness. DCA was approved for use in Canada in 1989 (as a topical formulation for treatment of warts and for cauterization and removal of a wide variety of skin and tissue lesions), but was cancelled post market.
Source: DrugBank
Record Name: Dichloroacetic Acid
URL: http://www.drugbank.ca/drugs/DB08809
Description: The DrugBank database is a unique bioinformatics and cheminformatics resource that combines detailed drug (i.e. chemical, pharmacological and pharmaceutical) data with comprehensive drug target (i.e. sequence, structure, and pathway) information
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About Dinoseb
Dinoseb is an organic chemical in solid and liquid form in the dinitrophenol family. The chemical is orange crystals in its pure state. Dinoseb has a pungent odor either in its orange-brown viscous liquid or orange-brown solid form. The orange crystal is no longer allowed in the EU and the United States of America due to its high toxicity.
What Types of Industrial Uses Does It Have
Dinoseb is an herbicide, insecticide, and plant growth regulator used on crop and non-crop applications. The chemical was used on corn, soybeans, and other crops in the United States between 1948 to 1986. However, Dinoseb was banned by the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) in 1986 as a chemical to control grass and weeds as well as fungus and insects on grapes. Since the banning of the herbicide, other safer herbicides have been used to control the growth of grasses and weeds. Nowadays, Dinoseb is used and marketed online as a weight-loss pill. Unfortunately, there are reports of its dangers since many people have died due to accidental overdose.
How Does Dinoseb Get Into Your Drinking Water
Just like with any herbicide, the primary cause of Dinoseb in your drinking water is runoff from the use of the herbicide in crop and non-crop applications. The drainage may happen during the rainy season or due to continuous and heavy use of the herbicide/insecticide. Dinoseb spills may also enter water supplies in your area. If you’re worried about potential contaminants in your water, you can run a complete water test to gather information about your drinking water.
What are the Health Risks Associated with Dinoseb
Chronic exposure to the chemical may result in the inability to produce a child. Reproductive difficulties are experienced by those who were exposed to the compound within an extended period. Dinoseb can be toxic to humans when either inhaled, ingested, or at direct contact. Any individual exposed to the organic herbicide will experience sweating, stomach aches, headaches, fatigue, fever, and nausea.
Pregnant women who experienced short-term exposure to the contaminant have a higher percentage of encountering fetus skeletal malformations and birth defects.
What is the EPA’s Standards for Dinoseb in Drinking Water
The EPA’s standard for the contaminant in drinking water is 0.007 mg/L or 7 ppb. The maximum contaminant level goals (MCLG) should not be more than the set standard by the EPA.
What Treatment is Recommended for Removing Dinoseb from Drinking Water
Granular activated carbon (GAC) is a treatment used to remove Dinoseb in your drinking water. The filter media is capable of removing the contaminant from your drinking water. It is commonly used in residential and industrial settings where contaminants are present in the water supply.
Dinoseb can also be removed from your feed water with the use of AquaOx’s whole house water filter system. The treatment system is designed to eliminate impurities including Dinoseb so they won’t reach your faucet. Keep your loved ones protected from contaminants by installing one of the most reliable water filtration systems in the country.
| Chemical Names: | DINOSEB; Butaphene; Caldon; Basanite; Hivertox; Dibutox |
|---|---|
| Molecular Formula: | C10H12N2O5 |
| Molecular Weight: | 240.215 g/mol |
| InChI Key: | OWZPCEFYPSAJFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N |
| Safety Summary: | Laboratory Chemical Safety Summary (LCSS) |
DINOSEB is an orange-brown viscous liquid or orange-brown solid. Orange crystals when pure. Has a pungent odor. Used as a plant growth regulator; insecticide and herbicide. (EPA, 1998)
Source: CAMEO Chemicals
URL: https://cameochemicals.noaa.gov/chemical/4968